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Title:
HD 129333: The Sun in its infancy
Authors:
Dorren, J. David; Guinan, Edward F.
Affiliation:
AA(Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Thirty-third and Walnut Streets, Philadelphia, PA 19104), AB(Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Villanova University, Villanova, PA 19085; Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138)
Publication:
The Astrophysical Journal, vol. 428, no. 2, pt. 1, p. 805-818 (ApJ Homepage)
Publication Date:
06/1994
Category:
Astronomy
Origin:
STI
NASA/STI Keywords:
Chromosphere, G Stars, Luminosity, Pleiades Cluster, Sun, Ultraviolet Emission, Variations, Iue, Photometry, Radial Velocity, Rosat Mission, Rotation, Spectrum Analysis, Telescopes
DOI:
10.1086/174289
Bibliographic Code:
1994ApJ...428..805D

Abstract

HD 129333 is a remarkable young, nearby solar-type G star which offers a unique opportunity of studying the properties of the Sun at a time very shortly after in arrived on the main sequence. Its space motion suggest that it is a member of the Pleiades moving group, with an age of approximately 70 Myr; its lithium abundance is consistent with this. HD 129333 has the highest level of Ca II emission of any G star which is not a member of a close binary. Our observations in 1983 showed it to have low-amplitude (5%) light variations implying a rotation period of about 2.7 days, or about 10 times faster than the Sun. Modeling of the photometric variations on the assumption that they are due to starspots yields a spot temperature about 500 K cooler than the photosphere, and a coverage of about 6% of the stellar surface area. ROSAT observations in 1990 revealed the star to be an X-ray source, with an X-ray luminosity in the 0.2 to 2.4 keV range about 300 times that of the Sun. We have used International Ultraviolet Explorer (IUE) observations in conjuction with ground-based photometry to examine the magnetic activity of this star. The IUE emission-line fluxes reveal a level of chromospheric activity 3 to 20 times greater than the Sun's. The transition-region activity is 20 to 100 times that of the Sun. The activity level of HD 129333 is consistent with the Skumanich law relating activity to age, and with the rotation-activity relation, although it may be near saturation level. This star can yield valuable information about the magnetic dynamo of the young Sun, as well as about stellar dynamos in general. The 1988 IUE observations covered four phases of its rotational cycle. A phase dependence of the Mg II h and k emission flux suggests a close association of chromospheric plages with starspot regions at that time. Systematic variations in the mean brightness of HD 129333 between 1983 and 1993, and in the UV emission fluxes, indicate the presence of an activity cycle of an estimated 12 years' duration. HD 129333 is the first solar-type star other than RS CVn binaries for which luminosity variations provide evidence for a spot cycle. Unlike the Sun, which is brighter at activity maximum HD 129333 appears to be fainter when more heavily spotted. Although evolutionary models for the Sun suggest that it was about 30% less luminous at age 70 Myr, they give no information about the UV flux. Accordingly, we have used the 1988 IUE observations of HD 129333 to construct a model spectrum of the infant Sun, which can be used to provide a quantitative estimate of the UV flux in the early solar system.

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