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Title:
Evolution of the Color-Magnitude Relation in High-Redshift Clusters: Early-Type Galaxies in the Lynx Supercluster at z ~ 1.26
Authors:
Mei, Simona; Holden, Brad P.; Blakeslee, John P.; Rosati, Piero; Postman, Marc; Jee, Myungkook J.; Rettura, Alessandro; Sirianni, Marco; Demarco, Ricardo; Ford, Holland C.; Franx, Marijn; Homeier, Nicole; Illingworth, Garth D.
Affiliation:
AA(Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218; , .), AB(Lick Observatory, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064.), AC(Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218; , .; Department of Physics and Astronomy, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-2814.), AD(European Southern Observatory, Karl-Schwarzschild-Strasse 2, D-85748 Garching, Germany.), AE(Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218; , .; Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218.), AF(Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218; , .), AG(European Southern Observatory, Karl-Schwarzschild-Strasse 2, D-85748 Garching, Germany.; Université Paris-Sud 11, rue Georges Clemenceau 15, Orsay F-91405, France.), AH(Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218.), AI(Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218; , .), AJ(Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218; , .), AK(Leiden Observatory, Postbus 9513, 2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands.), AL(Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218; , .), AM(Lick Observatory, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064.)
Publication:
The Astrophysical Journal, Volume 644, Issue 2, pp. 759-768. (ApJ Homepage)
Publication Date:
06/2006
Origin:
UCP
ApJ Keywords:
galaxies: clusters: individual (RX J0848+4453), galaxies: clusters: individual (RX J0849+4452), Galaxies: Elliptical and Lenticular, cD, Galaxies: Evolution
DOI:
10.1086/503826
Bibliographic Code:
2006ApJ...644..759M

Abstract

Color-magnitude relations (CMRs) have been derived in two high-redshift clusters, RX J0849+4452 and RX J0848+4453 (with redshifts of z=1.26 and 1.27, respectively), that lie in the highest redshift cluster superstructure known today, the Lynx Supercluster. The CMR was determined from ACS imaging in the WFC F775W (i775) and F850LP (z850) filters combined with ground-based spectroscopy. Early-type cluster candidates have been identified according to the Postman et al. morphological classification. In both clusters the bright red early-type population defines a tight CMR very similar in color, although the two clusters present different X-ray luminosities and shapes. The elliptical galaxy CMRs in RX J0849+4452 and RX J0848+4453 show an intrinsic (i775-z850) color scatter of 0.026+/-0.012 and 0.024+/-0.015 mag, respectively, within 2' (~1 Mpc at z=1.26) from the cluster X-ray emission centers. Simple modeling of the scatters using stellar population models from Bruzual and Charlot gives a mean luminosity-weighted age t>2.5 Gyr (zf>2.75) and t>2.6 Gyr (zf>2.8) for ellipticals in RX J0849+4452 and RX J0848+4453, respectively. S0 galaxies follow the elliptical CMR; they show larger scatters about the CMR. The intrinsic scatter decreases and the CMR slopes are steeper at smaller radii, within both clusters. Within 1' from the cluster X-ray emission centers, elliptical CMR scatters imply a mean luminosity-weighted age t>3.2 Gyr (zf>3.7). We conclude that old stellar populations in cluster elliptical galaxies are already in place at z=1.26, both in the more evolved cluster RX J0849+4452 and in its less evolved companion RX J0848+4453. Even at a look-back time of 9 Gyr, in the early merging and buildup of massive clusters, the bulk of the stellar content of the bright elliptical galaxy population was in place-apparently formed some 2.5 Gyr earlier at z~3.
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