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Title:
The C4 Clustering Algorithm: Clusters of Galaxies in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey
Authors:
Miller, Christopher J.; Nichol, Robert C.; Reichart, Daniel; Wechsler, Risa H.; Evrard, August E.; Annis, James; McKay, Timothy A.; Bahcall, Neta A.; Bernardi, Mariangela; Boehringer, Hans; Connolly, Andrew J.; Goto, Tomotsugu; Kniazev, Alexie; Lamb, Donald; Postman, Marc; Schneider, Donald P.; Sheth, Ravi K.; Voges, Wolfgang
Affiliation:
AA(Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, 7325 Wean Hall, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213-3890.; Currently at NOAO Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory, 950 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85719.), AB(Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, 7325 Wean Hall, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213-3890.; Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation, University of Portsmouth, Mercantile House, Hampshire Terrace, Portsmouth PO1 2EG, UK.), AC(Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, CB 3255 Phillips Hall, Chapel Hill, NC 27599.), AD(Center for Cosmological Physics, Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, and Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637.; Hubble Fellow.), AE(Department of Physics, University of Michigan, 2477 Randall Laboratory, 500 East University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109.; Department of Astronomy, University of Michigan, 830 Dennison, 501 East University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109.), AF(Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, P.O. Box 500, 500 Wilson Road, Batavia, IL 60510.), AG(Department of Physics, University of Michigan, 2477 Randall Laboratory, 500 East University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109.), AH(Princeton University Observatory, Peyton Hall, Ivy Lane, Princeton, NJ 08544.), AI(Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, 7325 Wean Hall, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213-3890.; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, 100 Allen Hall, 3941 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15260.), AJ(Max-Planck-Institut für Extraterrestrische Physik, Giessenbachstrasse Postfach 1312, Garching 85748, Germany.), AK(Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, 100 Allen Hall, 3941 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15260.), AL(Institute for Cosmic-Ray Research, University of Tokyo, 515 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-0882, Japan.), AM(Special Astrophysical Observatory, Nizhnij Arkhyz, Karachai-Circassia 369167, Russia.; Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik, Königstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.; Isaac Newton Institute of Chile, SAO Branch, Santiago, Chile.), AN(Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637.), AO(Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218.), AP(Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802.), AQ(Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, 100 Allen Hall, 3941 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15260.), AR(Max-Planck-Institut für Extraterrestrische Physik, Giessenbachstrasse Postfach 1312, Garching 85748, Germany.)
Publication:
The Astronomical Journal, Volume 130, Issue 3, pp. 968-1001. (AJ Homepage)
Publication Date:
09/2005
Origin:
UCP
AJ Keywords:
Catalogs, Galaxies: Clusters: General
DOI:
10.1086/431357
Bibliographic Code:
2005AJ....130..968M

Abstract

We present the C4 Cluster Catalog, a new sample of 748 clusters of galaxies identified in the spectroscopic sample of the Second Data Release (DR2) of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). The C4 cluster-finding algorithm identifies clusters as overdensities in a seven-dimensional position and color space, thus minimizing projection effects that have plagued previous optical cluster selection. The present C4 catalog covers ~2600 deg2 of sky and ranges in redshift from z=0.02 to 0.17. The mean cluster membership is 36 galaxies (with measured redshifts) brighter than r=17.7, but the catalog includes a range of systems, from groups containing 10 members to massive clusters with over 200 cluster members with measured redshifts. The catalog provides a large number of measured cluster properties including sky location, mean redshift, galaxy membership, summed r-band optical luminosity (Lr), and velocity dispersion, as well as quantitative measures of substructure and the surrounding large-scale environment. We use new, multicolor mock SDSS galaxy catalogs, empirically constructed from the ΛCDM Hubble Volume (HV) Sky Survey output, to investigate the sensitivity of the C4 catalog to the various algorithm parameters (detection threshold, choice of passbands, and search aperture), as well as to quantify the purity and completeness of the C4 cluster catalog. These mock catalogs indicate that the C4 catalog is ~=90% complete and 95% pure above M200=1×1014 h-1 Msolar and within 0.03<=z<=0.12. Using the SDSS DR2 data, we show that the C4 algorithm finds 98% of X-ray-identified clusters and 90% of Abell clusters within 0.03<=z<=0.12. Using the mock galaxy catalogs and the full HV dark matter simulations, we show that the Lr of a cluster is a more robust estimator of the halo mass (M200) than the galaxy line-of-sight velocity dispersion or the richness of the cluster. However, if we exclude clusters embedded in complex large-scale environments, we find that the velocity dispersion of the remaining clusters is as good an estimator of M200 as Lr. The final C4 catalog will contain ~=2500 clusters using the full SDSS data set and will represent one of the largest and most homogeneous samples of local clusters.
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