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Title:
Ultraviolet Signposts of Resonant Dynamics in the Starburst-ringed SAB Galaxy M94 (NGC 4736)
Authors:
Waller, William H.; Fanelli, Michael N.; Keel, William C.; Bohlin, Ralph; Collins, Nicholas R.; Madore, Barry F.; Marcum, Pamela M.; Neff, Susan G.; O'Connell, Robert W.; Offenberg, Joel D.; Roberts, Morton S.; Smith, Andrew M.; Stecher, Theodore P.
Affiliation:
AA(; Department of Physics and Astronomy, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155.; Raytheon ITSS Corporation, Laboratory for Astronomy and Solar Physics, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 681, Greenbelt, MD 20771.), AB(; Raytheon ITSS Corporation, Laboratory for Astronomy and Solar Physics, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 681, Greenbelt, MD 20771.; Department of Physics, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203.), AC(; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, P.O. Box 870324, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487-0324.), AD(; Space Telescope Science Institute, Homewood Campus, Baltimore, MD 21218.), AE(; Raytheon ITSS Corporation, Laboratory for Astronomy and Solar Physics, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 681, Greenbelt, MD 20771.), AF(; Infrared Processing and Analysis Center, California Institute of Technology, M/S 100-22, 770 South Wilson Avenue, Pasadena, CA 91125.), AG(; Department of Physics, Texas Christian University, Box 298840, Fort Worth, TX 76129.), AH(; Laboratory for Astronomy and Solar Physics, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 680, Greenbelt, MD 20771.), AI(; Department of Astronomy, University of Virginia, P.O. Box 3818, Charlottesville, VA 22903.), AJ(; Raytheon ITSS Corporation, Laboratory for Astronomy and Solar Physics, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 681, Greenbelt, MD 20771.), AK(; National Radio Astronomy Observatory, 520 Edgemont Road, Charlottesville, VA 22903-2475.), AL(; Laboratory for Astronomy and Solar Physics, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 680, Greenbelt, MD 20771.), AM(; Laboratory for Astronomy and Solar Physics, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 680, Greenbelt, MD 20771.)
Publication:
The Astronomical Journal, Volume 121, Issue 3, pp. 1395-1412. (AJ Homepage)
Publication Date:
03/2001
Origin:
UCP
AJ Keywords:
Galaxies: Evolution, Galaxies: Individual: Messier Number: M94, Galaxies: Individual: NGC Number: NGC 4736, Galaxies: Kinematics and Dynamics, Galaxies: Photometry, Galaxies: Spiral, Ultraviolet Emission
DOI:
10.1086/319384
Bibliographic Code:
2001AJ....121.1395W

Abstract

The dynamic orchestration of star-birth activity in the starburst-ringed galaxy M94 (NGC 4736) is investigated using images from the Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope (UIT; far-ultraviolet [FUV] band), Hubble Space Telescope (HST; near-ultraviolet [NUV] band), Kitt Peak 0.9 m telescope (Hα, R, and I bands), and Palomar 5 m telescope (B band), along with spectra from the International Ultraviolet Explorer (IUE) and the Lick 1 m telescope. The wide-field UIT image shows FUV emission from (1) an elongated nucleus, (2) a diffuse inner disk, where Hα is observed in absorption, (3) a bright inner ring of H II regions at the perimeter of the inner disk (R=48"=1.1 kpc), and (4) two 500 pc size knots of hot stars exterior to the ring on diametrically opposite sides of the nucleus (R=130"=2.9 kpc). The HST Faint Object Camera image resolves the NUV emission from the nuclear region into a bright core and a faint 20" long ``minibar'' at a position angle of 30°. Optical and IUE spectroscopy of the nucleus and diffuse inner disk indicates a ~107-108 yr old stellar population from low-level star-birth activity blended with some LINER activity. Analysis of the Hα-, FUV-, NUV-, B-, R-, and I-band emissions, along with other observed tracers of stars and gas in M94, indicates that most of the star formation is being orchestrated via ring-bar dynamics, involving the nuclear minibar, inner ring, oval disk, and outer ring. The inner starburst ring and bisymmetric knots at intermediate radius, in particular, argue for bar-mediated resonances as the primary drivers of evolution in M94 at the present epoch. Similar processes may be governing the evolution of the ``core-dominated'' galaxies that have been observed at high redshift. The gravitationally lensed ``Pretzel Galaxy'' (0024+1654) at a redshift of ~1.5 provides an important precedent in this regard.
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