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Title:
Electromagnetic extraction of energy from Kerr black holes
Authors:
Blandford, R. D.; Znajek, R. L.
Affiliation:
AA(Cambridge University, Observatories, Cambridge, England), AB(Cambridge University, Observatories, Cambridge, England)
Publication:
Royal Astronomical Society, Monthly Notices, vol. 179, May 1977, p. 433-456. (MNRAS Homepage)
Publication Date:
05/1977
Category:
Astrophysics
Origin:
STI
NASA/STI Keywords:
BLACK HOLES (ASTRONOMY), ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS, ENERGY SOURCES, ROTATING MATTER, ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI, ASTROPHYSICS, ELECTRON-POSITRON PAIRS, PAIR PRODUCTION
Comment:
A&AA ID. AAA019.066.051
Bibliographic Code:
1977MNRAS.179..433B

Abstract

It is shown that if the magnetic field and angular momentum of a Kerr black hole are large enough, the vacuum surrounding the hole is unstable because any stray charged particles will be electrostatically accelerated and will radiate, with the radiation producing electron-positron pairs so freely that the electromagnetic field in the vicinity of the event horizon will become approximately force-free. Equations governing stationary force-free electromagnetic fields in Kerr spacetime are derived, and it is found that energy and angular momentum can be extracted from a rotating black hole by a purely electromagnetic mechanism. A perturbation technique is outlined for calculating approximate solutions under certain circumstances, and solutions are obtained for a split monopole magnetic field as well as for a paraboloidal magnetic field. The present concepts are applied to a model of an active galactic nucleus containing a massive black hole surrounded by an accretion disk.

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