%[s][c][n.m]f[e]

s: Starting character (optional).

This character will be printed before the string specified by the format character is printed. If the starting character is one of [ , . ; : ] it will be followed by a space. If it is necessary to include more than one characters as a starting string, the syntax is %\(string)[c][n.m]f[e]. If string needs to contain a ")", it needs to be escaped with a backslash. Using a string as starting value is for instance usefull to output a bold volume like {\bf 23}, . The format for this would be %\({\bf )V\(}, )

This character is only printed if the field itself is available. This can be any non-alphanumeric character except =, &, /, and \ (the encoding characters). If this field contains a character that is not a valid starting character, it is assumed to be an encoding character.

c: Encoding (optional).

This character specifies what encoding scheme to use. Options are:

&: SGML encoding.

This encoding converts the characters &, <, >, and " to &amp;, &lt;, &gt;, and &quot;, respectively.

>: HTML encoding.

This encoding converts characters in URLs to hex notation, and & to &amp;. Outside URLs, the characters &, <, >, and " are converted to &amp;, &lt;, &gt;, and &quot;, respectively.

/: URL encoding.

This encoding converts the characters &, ?, and + to the hex encoded values.

=: Hex encoding.

This encoding converts all characters with hex values less than 0x20 and all characters with hex values greater or equal to 0x7F into the form %XX where XX are the two hex digits.

\: Tex/Latex encoding.

This encoding converts all special Tex characters into their Tex escape sequences. For instance '\' is converted to '$\backslash $', '$' is converted into '\$', '^' is converted into '\^{}', etc.

n.m: Maximum number of entries in field (optional).

This is implemented for the author field. If the number of authors in the list is larger than n, the list will be truncated and returned as "author1, author2, ..., authorm, et al.". If .m is not specified, n.1 is assumed.

f: Output field specifier.

This character specifies which field is to be printed with this format specification. The valid field specifiers are described below.

e: Ending character (optional).: This character will be printed after the string specified by the format character is printed. If the ending character is one of [ , . ; : ], it will be followed by a space. This character is only printed if the field itself is available. This can be any non-alphanumeric character except "%" and "\". If it is necessary to include more than one characters as an ending string, the syntax is %[c][n.m]f\(string). If string needs to contain a ")", it needs to be escaped with a backslash. Otherwise, if a character is in this field that is not a valid ending character, the format ends here and the character is interpreted as a regular format character. A "\" is used if the following character would be a valid ending character but should not be considered part of the format (meaning it should be printed regardless of whether the format is printed). It also prevents the addition of a space after , . ; : .

Special formats

z: Extended formats

Since we were running out of format letters, formats starting with a z are multi-letter formatting options (see below for some examples)

zn: Enumeration

This format outputs the sequence number of the record in the output

Z: Command format

This is a special format directive. It must be the first command specified in a format string, and there can be multiple %Z directives at the beginning of the string. While the Z tag produces no output, it allows you to specify the value of certain variables with corresponding parameters. It has the following syntax: %Zcommand:parameter. Parameter can be a number, a word, or a string, depending on the command. If it is a string, it must to be enclosed in double quotes. The available command are:

Encoding:word This specifies the encoding of the output. Available encoding parameters are:

UTF-8: UTF-8 encoding of all unicode characters.

ISO-8859-1: ISO-8859-1 (Latin-1) encoding of all unicode characters.

ISO-8859-2: ISO-8859-2 (Latin-2) encoding of all unicode characters.

TeX: TeX encoding of all unicode characters.

hex: Hex encoding of all unicode characters.

Unicode: Unicode encoding of all unicode characters. This outputs the html entities instead of binary characters.

Markup:word This specifies how to process HTML markup found in input fields (such as ≤SUB>) Available options are:

keep: keep the markup (default)

strip: remove the markup

Linelength:number This specifies the output line length (default is 80 characters). Use a line length of 0 to avoid line breaks.

Header:"string" This specifies a header that will be output once before the data records.

Footer:"string" This specifies a footer that will be output once after all the data records are output.

EOL:"string" This specifies the character to be printed at the end of a record (newline by default)

AuthorSep:"string" This specifies the string to be used when concatenating the names of authors (", " by default)

Author formats

A: Authors

This field prints out the author list as it is in the database. If the maximum number of entries in the field is specified, the output will be truncated to first author, et al. if there are more than n authors. The last author is separated by 'and'.

a: Authors

This field prints out the author list as it is in the database. If the maximum number of entries in the field is specified, the output will be truncated to first author, et al. if there are more than n authors. The last author is separated by '&'.

G: Authors (last names first)

This field prints out the author list. The author first names are truncated to first initials. The authors are written as 'lastname f. i.' (no comma separator for f. i.). If the maximum number of entries in the field is specified, the output will be truncated to author1 f. i., author2 f. i., author3 f. i., et al. if there are more than n authors. The last author has no special separator.

g: Authors (last names first)

This field prints out the author list. The author first names are truncated to first initials. The authors are written as 'lastname f. i.' (no comma separator for f. i.). If the maximum number of entries in the field is specified, the output will be truncated to author1 f. i., et al. if there are more than n authors. The last author has no special separator.

H: Reference Name

This field prints out the reference author name if available. It consists of either "Lastname" (for one-author articles), or "Lastname1 and Lastname2" (for 2 author articles), "Lastname1 Lastname2 and Lastname3" (for 3 to n-1 author articles), or "Lastname1" (for articles with more than n authors). Default for n is 3. It can be changed for instance to 1 with %1H.

h: Reference Name

This field prints out the reference author name if available. It consists of either "Lastname" (for one-author articles), or "Lastname1 & Lastname2" (for 2 author articles), "Lastname1 Lastname2 & Lastname3" (for 3 to n-1 author articles), or "Lastname1" (for articles with more than n authors). Default for n is 3. It can be changed for instance to 1 with %1h.

I: Authors (initials first)

This field prints out the author list. The author first names are truncated to first initials. The first author is written as 'lastname, f. i.', subsequent authors are written as 'f. i. lastname'. If the maximum number of entries in the field is specified, the output will be truncated to "first author, and xx colleagues" if there are more than n authors. The last author is separated by 'and'.

i: Authors (initials first)

This field prints out the author list. The author first names are truncated to first initials. The first author is written as 'lastname, f. i.', subsequent authors are written as 'f. i. lastname'. If the maximum number of entries in the field is specified, the output will be truncated to first author, et al. if there are more than n authors. The last author is separated by '&'.

L: Authors (last names first)

This field prints out the author list. The author first names are truncated to first initials. The authors are written as 'lastname, f. i.'. If the maximum number of entries in the field is specified, the output will be truncated to "first author, and xx colleagues" if there are more than n authors. The last author is separated by 'and'.

N: Authors (last names first)

Same as L, except the last author is is not treated differently form the others.

l: Authors (last names first)

This field prints out the author list. The author first names are truncated to first initials. The authors are written as 'lastname, f. i.'. If the maximum number of entries in the field is specified, the output will be truncated to first author, et al. if there are more than n authors. The last author is separated by '&'.

M: Author list (last names only)

This field prints out the last names of the authors if available. The reference name is the citation that is used in the article text. It consists of either "Lastname" (for one-author articles), or "Lastname1 and Lastname2" (for 2 author articles), "Lastname1, Lastname2 and Lastname3" (for 3 to n-1 author articles), or "Lastname1 et al." (for articles with more than n authors). Default for n is 0, meaning no truncation. It can be changed for instance to 5 with %5M.

m: Author list (last names only)

Same as M, except it uses '&' before the last author instead of 'and'.

n: Author list (last names only)

This field prints the last name of the first author. If there is more than one author, it appends a '+'.

za1: Author last name only

This format prints the last name of the first author.

za2: Authors (last names first) : Like L, but no space between initials.

za3: Authors (last names only) : Like M with \emph around et al

Other formats

B: Abstract

This field prints out the abstract if it is available.

b: Abstract

Same as B.

C: Copyright

This field prints out the copyright statement if available.

c: Citation count

This outputs the number of citations to the article.

D: Publication Date

This field prints out the Publication date if available.

d: DOI

The Digital Object Identifier of the article if available.

E: Electronic Data Table Address

This field prints out the electronic data table address if available.

e: Electronic Data Table Address

Same as E.

F: Author Affiliation

This field prints out the Author affiliation if available.

f: Author Affiliation

Same as F.

J: Journal

This field prints out the journal name.

j: Journal

This field prints out the journal name if available. If an AASTeX macro for the journal is available, this macro is printed instead.

Q: Journal

This field prints out the full journal information if available.

q: Journal

This field prints out the journal abbreviation.

K: Keywords

This field prints out the keywords if available.

k: Keywords

Same as K.

O: Object Names

This field prints out the object names if available.

o: Object Names

Same as O.

P: Last Page

This field prints out the last page number of the article if available.

p: First Page

This field prints out the first page number of the article if available.

R: Bibliographic Code

This field prints out the bibliographic code if available.

r: Bibliographic Code

Same as R.

S: Reference Source

This field prints out the reference source if available.

s: Reference Source

Same as S.

T: Title

This field prints out the title if available.

t: Title

Same as T.

U: URL

This field prints out the URL of the abstract as a complete hyperlink with the bibcode as the anchor in the form: <a href="url">bibcode</a>

u: URL

This field prints out the URL of the abstract in the form: https://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/bibcode

V: Volume

This field prints out the volume if available.

v: Volume

Same as V.

W: Publication Category

This field prints the publication category. Currently available categories are:

             MISC
             BOOK
             INBOOK
             PROCEEDINGS
             INPROCEEDINGS
             ARTICLE
             PHDTHESIS
             MASTERSTHESIS
             TECHREPORT

w: Publication Category

Same as W.

X: arXiv e-print number

This fields prints the identifier corresponding to the paper's e-print, as assigned by the arXiv.

x: Comments

This field prints any of the comments available for the record.

Y: Publication Year

This field prints out the publication year if available.

y: Publication Year

Same as Y.

    \\bibitem[%\4m%(y)]%{R} %\5.3l %\Y,%\j,%\V,%\p\n

    \bibitem[Rester et al.(1989)]{1989ApJ...342L..71R} Rester, A.~C.,
          Coldwell, R.~L., Dunnam, F.~E., Eichhorn, G., Trombka, J.~I.,
          Starr, R., \& Lasche, G.~P.\ 1989, \apjl, 342, L71 

    \\bibitem[%\2M%(y)]%{R} %\10I %\Y.%\t.%\j %\V,%\p%-\P\.\n

    \\bibitem[\\protect\\citename%{\1h} %y]%{R} %\8.3g,%\Y,%\q, %\V,%\p\n

    <P>%&a %&Y, %&J <A href=%"u">%&T</A>\n

    \\item \href{%u}{%\R} %\A: \textit{%\T,} %\j,%\V,%\p %(y)

    %ZHeader:"{\\rtf1\n\n" %ZFooter:"}" %ZEncoding:UTF-8 %ZMarkup:strip %zn. {\\field{\\*\\fldinst HYPERLINK "%u"}{\\fldrslt %R }} %A: \\i %T,\\i0%q,%V,%p %(y)\\line\

    %Y (%x)

    %Y %(x)

    1998 ()

    1998