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Title:
EPIC 201702477b: A Transiting Brown Dwarf from K2 in a 41 day Orbit
Authors:
Bayliss, D.; Hojjatpanah, S.; Santerne, A.; Dragomir, D.; Zhou, G.; Shporer, A.; Colón, K. D.; Almenara, J.; Armstrong, D. J.; Barrado, D.; Barros, S. C. C.; Bento, J.; Boisse, I.; Bouchy, F.; Brown, D. J. A.; Brown, T.; Cameron, A.; Cochran, W. D.; Demangeon, O.; Deleuil, M.; Díaz, R. F.; Fulton, B.; Horne, K.; Hébrard, G.; Lillo-Box, J.; Lovis, C.; Mawet, D.; Ngo, H.; Osborn, H.; Palle, E.; Petigura, E.; Pollacco, D.; Santos, N.; Sefako, R.; Siverd, R.; Sousa, S. G.; Tsantaki, M.
Affiliation:
AA(Observatoire Astronomique de l'Université de Genève, 51 ch. des Maillettes, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland; Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2611, Australia; 0000-0001-6023-1335), AB(Instituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço, Universidade do Porto, CAUP, Rua das Estrelas, 4150-762 Porto, Portugal; Department of Physics, University of Zanjan, University Blvd., 45371-38791, Zanjan, Iran), AC(Instituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço, Universidade do Porto, CAUP, Rua das Estrelas, 4150-762 Porto, Portugal; Aix Marseille Universite, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille UMR 7326, F-13388, Marseille, France 0000-0002-3586-1316), AD(The Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago, 5640 S Ellis Ave., Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA; 0000-0003-2313-467X), AE(Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA), AF(Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Dr., Pasadena, CA 91109, USA; 0000-0002-1836-3120), AG(NASA Ames Research Center, M/S 244-30, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, 625 2nd St. Ste 209 Petaluma, CA 94952, USA), AH(Univ. Grenoble Alpes, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France), AI(Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Rd., Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK; ARC, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queens University Belfast, University Rd., Belfast BT7 1NN, UK 0000-0002-5080-4117), AJ(Depto. de Astrofísica, Centro de Astrobiología (CSIC-INTA), ESAC campus, E-28691 Villanueva de la Cañada, Spain), AK(Instituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço, Universidade do Porto, CAUP, Rua das Estrelas, 4150-762 Porto, Portugal 0000-0003-2434-3625), AL(Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2611, Australia), AM(Aix Marseille Universite, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille UMR 7326, F-13388, Marseille, France), AN(Observatoire Astronomique de l'Université de Genève, 51 ch. des Maillettes, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland), AO(Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Rd., Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK 0000-0003-1098-2442), AP(Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope, Goleta, CA 93117, USA; CASA, Department of Astrophysical and Planetary Sciences, University of Colorado, 389-UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, USA 0000-0001-5062-0847), AQ(SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St. Andrews, KY16 9SS, UK 0000-0002-8863-7828), AR(McDonald Observatory and Department of Astronomy, Univeristy of Texas at Austin, TX, USA 0000-0001-9662-3496), AS(Aix Marseille Universite, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille UMR 7326, F-13388, Marseille, France), AT(Aix Marseille Universite, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille UMR 7326, F-13388, Marseille, France), AU(Observatoire Astronomique de l'Université de Genève, 51 ch. des Maillettes, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland), AV(Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii, 2680 Woodlawn Dr., Honolulu, HI 96822-1839, USA; 0000-0003-3504-5316), AW(SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St. Andrews, KY16 9SS, UK), AX(Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris, UMR7095 CNRS, Université Pierre & Marie Curie, 98bis boulevard Arago, F-75014 Paris, France; Observatoire de Haute-Provence, Universite d'Aix-Marseille & CNRS, F-04870 Saint Michel l'Observatoire, France), AY(European Southern Observatory (ESO), Alonso de Cordova 3107, Vitacura, Casilla 19001, Santiago de Chile, Chile), AZ(Observatoire Astronomique de l'Université de Genève, 51 ch. des Maillettes, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland), BA(California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd., Pasadena, CA 91125, USA 0000-0002-8895-4735), BB(California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd., Pasadena, CA 91125, USA 0000-0001-5172-4859), BC(Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Rd., Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK), BD(Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, E-38205 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain), BE(California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd., Pasadena, CA 91125, USA;), BF(Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Rd., Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK 0000-0001-9850-9697), BG(Instituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço, Universidade do Porto, CAUP, Rua das Estrelas, 4150-762 Porto, Portugal; Departamento de Física e Astronomia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal), BH(South African Astronomical Observatory, P.O. Box 9, Observatory 7935, South Africa), BI(Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope, Goleta, CA 93117, USA), BJ(Instituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço, Universidade do Porto, CAUP, Rua das Estrelas, 4150-762 Porto, Portugal), BK(Instituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço, Universidade do Porto, CAUP, Rua das Estrelas, 4150-762 Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Radioastronomía y Astrofísica, IRyA, UNAM, Campus Morelia, A.P. 3-72, C.P. 58089 Michoacán, Mexico)
Publication:
The Astronomical Journal, Volume 153, Issue 1, article id. 15, 10 pp. (2017). (AJ Homepage)
Publication Date:
01/2017
Origin:
IOP
Astronomy Keywords:
planetary systems, techniques: photometric, techniques: spectroscopic
DOI:
10.3847/1538-3881/153/1/15
Bibliographic Code:
2017AJ....153...15B

Abstract

We report the discovery of EPIC 201702477b, a transiting brown dwarf in a long period (40.73691 ± 0.00037 day) and eccentric (e = 0.2281 ± 0.0026) orbit. This system was initially reported as a planetary candidate based on two transit events seen in K2 Campaign 1 photometry and later validated as an exoplanet candidate. We confirm the transit and refine the ephemeris with two subsequent ground-based detections of the transit using the Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope 1 m telescope network. We rule out any transit timing variations above the level of ˜30 s. Using high precision radial velocity measurements from HARPS and SOPHIE we identify the transiting companion as a brown dwarf with a mass, radius, and bulk density of 66.9 ± 1.7 MJ, 0.757 ± 0.065 RJ, and 191 ± 51 g cm-3 respectively. EPIC 201702477b is the smallest radius brown dwarf yet discovered, with a mass just below the H-burning limit. It has the highest density of any planet, substellar mass object, or main-sequence star discovered so far. We find evidence in the set of known transiting brown dwarfs for two populations of objects---high mass brown dwarfs and low mass brown dwarfs. The higher-mass population have radii in very close agreement to theoretical models, and show a lower-mass limit around 60 MJ. This may be the signature of mass-dependent ejection of systems during the formation process.

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