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Title:
A review of job-exposure matrix methodology for application to workers exposed to radiation from internally deposited plutonium or other radioactive materials
Authors:
Liu, Hanhua; Wakeford, Richard; Riddell, Anthony; O'Hagan, Jacqueline; MacGregor, David; Agius, Raymond; Wilson, Christine; Peace, Mark; de Vocht, Frank
Affiliation:
AA(Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK ), AB(Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK), AC(Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards (PHE-CRCE), Public Health England, Didcot, OX11 0RQ, UK), AD(Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards (PHE-CRCE), Public Health England, Didcot, OX11 0RQ, UK), AE(Sellafield Approved Dosimetry Service, Sellafield Ltd, Cumbria, CA20 1PG, UK), AF(Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK), AG(Sellafield Approved Dosimetry Service, Sellafield Ltd, Cumbria, CA20 1PG, UK), AH(Sellafield Approved Dosimetry Service, Sellafield Ltd, Cumbria, CA20 1PG, UK), AI(School of Social and Community, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, 39 Whatley Road, Bristol, BS8 2PS, UK)
Publication:
Journal of Radiological Protection, Volume 36, Issue 1, pp. R1 (2016).
Publication Date:
03/2016
Origin:
IOP
DOI:
10.1088/0952-4746/36/1/R1
Bibliographic Code:
2016JRP....36R...1L

Abstract

Any potential health effects of radiation emitted from radionuclides deposited in the bodies of workers exposed to radioactive materials can be directly investigated through epidemiological studies. However, estimates of radionuclide exposure and consequent tissue-specific doses, particularly for early workers for whom monitoring was relatively crude but exposures tended to be highest, can be uncertain, limiting the accuracy of risk estimates. We review the use of job-exposure matrices (JEMs) in peer-reviewed epidemiological and exposure assessment studies of nuclear industry workers exposed to radioactive materials as a method for addressing gaps in exposure data, and discuss methodology and comparability between studies. We identified nine studies of nuclear worker cohorts in France, Russia, the USA and the UK that had incorporated JEMs in their exposure assessments. All these JEMs were study or cohort-specific, and although broadly comparable methodologies were used in their construction, this is insufficient to enable the transfer of any one JEM to another study. Moreover there was often inadequate detail on whether, or how, JEMs were validated. JEMs have become more detailed and more quantitative, and this trend may eventually enable better comparison across, and the pooling of, studies. We conclude that JEMs have been shown to be a valuable exposure assessment methodology for imputation of missing exposure data for nuclear worker cohorts with data not missing at random. The next step forward for direct comparison or pooled analysis of complete cohorts would be the use of transparent and transferable methods.
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