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Title:
Sharp increase in central Oklahoma seismicity since 2008 induced by massive wastewater injection
Authors:
Keranen, K. M.; Weingarten, M.; Abers, G. A.; Bekins, B. A.; Ge, S.
Affiliation:
AA(Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA), AB(Department of Geological Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA), AC(Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, NY, USA), AD(U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, CA, USA), AE(Department of Geological Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA)
Publication:
Science, Volume 345, Issue 6195, pp. 448-451 (2014). (Sci Homepage)
Publication Date:
07/2014
Category:
GEOCHEM PHYS, Earth-Science, Sociology
Origin:
SCIENCE
Abstract Copyright:
(c) 2014: Science
DOI:
10.1126/science.1255802
Bibliographic Code:
2014Sci...345..448K

Abstract

Unconventional oil and gas production provides a rapidly growing energy source; however, high-production states in the United States, such as Oklahoma, face sharply rising numbers of earthquakes. Subsurface pressure data required to unequivocally link earthquakes to wastewater injection are rarely accessible. Here we use seismicity and hydrogeological models to show that fluid migration from high-rate disposal wells in Oklahoma is potentially responsible for the largest swarm. Earthquake hypocenters occur within disposal formations and upper basement, between 2- and 5-kilometer depth. The modeled fluid pressure perturbation propagates throughout the same depth range and tracks earthquakes to distances of 35 kilometers, with a triggering threshold of ~0.07 megapascals. Although thousands of disposal wells operate aseismically, four of the highest-rate wells are capable of inducing 20% of 2008 to 2013 central U.S. seismicity.
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