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Title:
SOAP 2.0: A Tool to Estimate the Photometric and Radial Velocity Variations Induced by Stellar Spots and Plages
Authors:
Dumusque, X.; Boisse, I.; Santos, N. C.
Affiliation:
AA(Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Swiss National Science Foundation Fellow.; 0000-0002-9332-2011), AB(Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (UMR 6110), Technopole de Château-Gombert, 38 rue Frédéric Joliot-Curie, F-13388 Marseille Cedex 13, France), AC(Centro de Astrofìsica, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Estrelas, 4150-762 Porto, Portugal; Departamento de Física e Astronomia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, 4150-762 Porto, Portugal)
Publication:
The Astrophysical Journal, Volume 796, Issue 2, article id. 132, 18 pp. (2014). (ApJ Homepage)
Publication Date:
12/2014
Origin:
IOP
Astronomy Keywords:
planetary systems, stars: activity, stars: individual: alpha Cen B, stars: individual: HD 189733, techniques: radial velocities
DOI:
10.1088/0004-637X/796/2/132
Bibliographic Code:
2014ApJ...796..132D

Abstract

This paper presents SOAP 2.0, a new version of the Spot Oscillation And Planet (SOAP) code that estimates in a simple way the photometric and radial velocity (RV) variations induced by active regions. The inhibition of the convective blueshift (CB) inside active regions is considered, as well as the limb brightening effect of plages, a quadratic limb darkening law, and a realistic spot and plage contrast ratio. SOAP 2.0 shows that the activity-induced variation of plages is dominated by the inhibition of the CB effect. For spots, this effect becomes significant only for slow rotators. In addition, in the case of a major active region dominating the activity-induced signal, the ratio between the FWHM and the RV peak-to-peak amplitudes of the cross correlation function can be used to infer the type of active region responsible for the signal for stars with v sin i <=8 km s-1. A ratio smaller than three implies a spot, while a larger ratio implies a plage. Using the observation of HD 189733, we show that SOAP 2.0 manages to reproduce the activity variation as well as previous simulations when a spot is dominating the activity-induced variation. In addition, SOAP 2.0 also reproduces the activity variation induced by a plage on the slowly rotating star alpha Cen B, which is not possible using previous simulations. Following these results, SOAP 2.0 can be used to estimate the signal induced by spots and plages, but also to correct for it when a major active region is dominating the RV variation.

. The work in this paper is based on observations made with the MOST satellite, the HARPS instrument on the ESO 3.6 m telescope at La Silla Observatory (Chile), and the SOPHIE instrument at the Observatoire de Haute Provence (France).

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