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Title:
ALMA Imaging of Gas and Dust in a Galaxy Protocluster at Redshift 5.3: [C II] Emission in "Typical" Galaxies and Dusty Starbursts ≈1 Billion Years after the Big Bang
Authors:
Riechers, Dominik A.; Carilli, Christopher L.; Capak, Peter L.; Scoville, Nicholas Z.; Smolcic, Vernesa; Schinnerer, Eva; Yun, Min; Cox, Pierre; Bertoldi, Frank; Karim, Alexander; Yan, Lin
Affiliation:
AA(Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, 220 Space Sciences Building, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA ; Astronomy Department, California Institute of Technology, MC 249-17, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; ), AB(National Radio Astronomy Observatory, PO Box O, Socorro, NM 87801, USA), AC(Spitzer Science Center, California Institute of Technology, MC 220-6, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA), AD(Astronomy Department, California Institute of Technology, MC 249-17, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA), AE(University of Zagreb, Physics Department, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10002 Zagreb, Croatia), AF(Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie, Königstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany), AG(Department of Astronomy, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA), AH(ALMA Santiago Central Office, Alonso de Cordova 3107, Vitacura, Santiago, Chile), AI(Argelander-Institut für Astronomie, Universität Bonn, Auf dem Hügel 71, Bonn, D-53121, Germany), AJ(Argelander-Institut für Astronomie, Universität Bonn, Auf dem Hügel 71, Bonn, D-53121, Germany), AK(Spitzer Science Center, California Institute of Technology, MC 220-6, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA)
Publication:
The Astrophysical Journal, Volume 796, Issue 2, article id. 84, 14 pp. (2014). (ApJ Homepage)
Publication Date:
12/2014
Origin:
IOP
Astronomy Keywords:
cosmology: observations, galaxies: active, galaxies: formation, galaxies: high-redshift, galaxies: starburst, radio lines: galaxies
DOI:
10.1088/0004-637X/796/2/84
Bibliographic Code:
2014ApJ...796...84R

Abstract

We report interferometric imaging of [C II](2 P 3/2-->2 P 1/2) and OH(2Pi1/2 J = 3/2-->1/2) emission toward the center of the galaxy protocluster associated with the z = 5.3 submillimeter galaxy (SMG) AzTEC-3, using the Atacama Large (sub)Millimeter Array (ALMA). We detect strong [C II], OH, and rest-frame 157.7 mum continuum emission toward the SMG. The [C II](2 P 3/2-->2 P 1/2) emission is distributed over a scale of 3.9 kpc, implying a dynamical mass of 9.7 × 1010 M &sun;, and a star formation rate (SFR) surface density of SigmaSFR = 530 M &sun; yr-1 kpc-2. This suggests that AzTEC-3 forms stars at SigmaSFR approaching the Eddington limit for radiation pressure supported disks. We find that the OH emission is slightly blueshifted relative to the [C II] line, which may indicate a molecular outflow associated with the peak phase of the starburst. We also detect and dynamically resolve [C II](2 P 3/2-->2 P 1/2) emission over a scale of 7.5 kpc toward a triplet of Lyman-break galaxies with moderate UV-based SFRs in the protocluster at ~95 kpc projected distance from the SMG. These galaxies are not detected in the continuum, suggesting far-infrared SFRs of <18-54 M &sun; yr-1, consistent with a UV-based estimate of 22 M &sun; yr-1. The spectral energy distribution of these galaxies is inconsistent with nearby spiral and starburst galaxies, but resembles those of dwarf galaxies. This is consistent with expectations for young starbursts without significant older stellar populations. This suggests that these galaxies are significantly metal-enriched, but not heavily dust-obscured, "normal" star-forming galaxies at z > 5, showing that ALMA can detect the interstellar medium in "typical" galaxies in the very early universe.
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