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Title:
Simultaneous Multiwavelength Observations of Markarian 421 During Outburst
Authors:
Acciari, V. A.; Aliu, E.; Aune, T.; Beilicke, M.; Benbow, W.; Böttcher, M.; Bradbury, S. M.; Buckley, J. H.; Bugaev, V.; Butt, Y.; Cannon, A.; Celik, O.; Cesarini, A.; Chow, Y. C.; Ciupik, L.; Cogan, P.; Colin, P.; Cui, W.; Dickherber, R.; Duke, C.; Falcone, A. D.; Fegan, S. J.; Finley, J. P.; Finnegan, G.; Fortin, P.; Fortson, L.; Furniss, A.; Gall, D.; Gillanders, G. H.; Grube, J.; Guenette, R.; Gyuk, G.; Hanna, D.; Holder, J.; Horan, D.; Hui, C. M.; Humensky, T. B.; Kaaret, P.; Karlsson, N.; Kertzman, M.; Kieda, D.; Kildea, J.; Konopelko, A.; Krawczynski, H.; Krennrich, F.; Lang, M. J.; LeBohec, S.; Maier, G.; McCann, A.; Millis, J.; Moriarty, P.; Ong, R. A.; Otte, A. N.; Pandel, D.; Perkins, J. S.; Pichel, A.; Pohl, M.; Quinn, J.; Ragan, K.; Reyes, L. C.; Reynolds, P. T.; Roache, E.; Rose, H. J.; Schroedter, M.; Sembroski, G. H.; Smith, A. W.; Steele, D.; Swordy, S. P.; Theiling, M.; Toner, J. A.; Varlotta, A.; Vincent, S.; Wakely, S. P.; Ward, J. E.; Weekes, T. C.; Weinstein, A.; Weisgarber, T.; Williams, D. A.; Wissel, S.; Zitzer, B.; The VERITAS Collaboration; de la Calle Perez, I.; Ibarra, A.; Anderhub, P. Rodriguez H.; Antonelli, L. A.; Antoranz, P.; Backes, M.; Baixeras, C.; Balestra, S.; Barrio, J. A.; Bastieri, D.; Becerra González, J.; Becker, J. K.; Bednarek, W.; Berger, K.; Bernardini, E.; Biland, A.; Bock, R. K.; Bonnoli, G.; Bordas, P.; Borla Tridon, D.; Bosch-Ramon, V.; Bose, D.; Braun, I.; Bretz, T.; Britvitch, I.; Camara, M.; Carmona, E.; Carosi, A.; Commichau, S.; Contreras, J. L.; Cortina, J.; Costado, M. T.; Covino, S.; Curtef, V.; Dazzi, F.; DeAngelis, A.; DeCea del Pozo, E.; Delgado Mendez, C.; Delos Reyes, R.; DeLotto, B.; DeMaria, M.; DeSabata, F.; Dominguez, A.; Dorner, D.; Doro, M.; Elsaesser, D.; Errando, M.; Ferenc, D.; Fernández, E.; Firpo, R.; Fonseca, M. V.; Font, L.; Galante, N.; García López, R. J.; Garczarczyk, M.; Gaug, M.; Goebel, F.; Hadasch, D.; Hayashida, M.; Herrero, A.; Hildebrand, D.; Höhne-Mönch, D.; Hose, J.; Hsu, C. C.; Jogler, T.; Kranich, D.; La Barbera, A.; Laille, A.; Leonardo, E.; Lindfors, E.; Lombardi, S.; Longo, F.; López, M.; Lorenz, E.; Majumdar, P.; Maneva, G.; Mankuzhiyil, N.; Mannheim, K.; Maraschi, L.; Mariotti, M.; Martínez, M.; Mazin, D.; Meucci, M.; Miranda, J. M.; Mirzoyan, R.; Miyamoto, H.; Moldón, J.; Moles, M.; Moralejo, A.; Nieto, D.; Nilsson, K.; Ninkovic, J.; Orito, R.; Oya, I.; Paoletti, R.; Paredes, J. M.; Pasanen, M.; Pascoli, D.; Pauss, F.; Pegna, R. G.; Perez-Torres, M. A.; Persic, M.; Peruzzo, L.; Prada, F.; Prandini, E.; Puchades, N.; Reichardt, I.; Rhode, W.; Ribó, M.; Rico, J.; Rissi, M.; Robert, A.; Rügamer, S.; Saggion, A.; Saito, T. Y.; Salvati, M.; Sanchez-Conde, M.; Satalecka, K.; Scalzotto, V.; Scapin, V.; Schweizer, T.; Shayduk, M.; Shore, S. N.; Sidro, N.; Sierpowska-Bartosik, A.; Sillanpää, A.; Sitarek, J.; Sobczynska, D.; Spanier, F.; Spiro, S.; Stamerra, A.; Stark, L. S.; Takalo, L.; Tavecchio, F.; Temnikov, P.; Tescaro, D.; Teshima, M.; Tluczykont, M.; Torres, D. F.; Turini, N.; Vankov, H.; Wagner, R. M.; Zabalza, V.; Zandanel, F.; Zanin, R.; Zapatero, J.; The MAGIC Collaboration
Affiliation:
AA(Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Amado, AZ 85645, USA), AB(Department of Physics and Astronomy and the Bartol Research Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA), AC(Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics and Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA ), AD(Department of Physics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA ), AE(Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Amado, AZ 85645, USA ), AF(Astrophysical Institute, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA ), AG(School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK ), AH(Department of Physics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA ), AI(Department of Physics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA ), AJ(Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA ), AK(School of Physics, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Republic of Ireland ), AL(Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA ), AM(School of Physics, National University of Ireland, Galway, Republic of Ireland ), AN(Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA ), AO(Astronomy Department, Adler Planetarium and Astronomy Museum, Chicago, IL 60605, USA ), AP(Physics Department, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2T8, Canada ), AQ(Physics Department, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA ), AR(Department of Physics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA ; Authors to whom any correspondence should be addressed. ), AS(Department of Physics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA ), AT(Department of Physics, Grinnell College, Grinnell, IA 50112-1690, USA ), AU(Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA ), AV(Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA ), AW(Department of Physics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA ), AX(Physics Department, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA ), AY(Department of Physics and Astronomy, Barnard College, Columbia University, NY 10027, USA ), AZ(Astronomy Department, Adler Planetarium and Astronomy Museum, Chicago, IL 60605, USA ), BA(Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics and Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA ), BB(Department of Physics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA ; Authors to whom any correspondence should be addressed. ), BC(School of Physics, National University of Ireland, Galway, Republic of Ireland ), BD(School of Physics, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Republic of Ireland ), BE(Physics Department, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2T8, Canada ), BF(Astronomy Department, Adler Planetarium and Astronomy Museum, Chicago, IL 60605, USA ), BG(Physics Department, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2T8, Canada ), BH(Department of Physics and Astronomy and the Bartol Research Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA ), BI(Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France ), BJ(Physics Department, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA ), BK(Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA ), BL(Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Iowa, Van Allen Hall, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA ), BM(Astronomy Department, Adler Planetarium and Astronomy Museum, Chicago, IL 60605, USA ), BN(Department of Physics and Astronomy, DePauw University, Greencastle, IN 46135-0037, USA ), BO(Physics Department, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA ), BP(Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Amado, AZ 85645, USA ), BQ(Department of Physics, Pittsburg State University, 1701 South Broadway, Pittsburg, KS 66762, USA ), BR(Department of Physics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA ), BS(Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA ), BT(School of Physics, National University of Ireland, Galway, Republic of Ireland ), BU(Physics Department, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA ), BV(Physics Department, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2T8, Canada ), BW(Physics Department, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2T8, Canada ), BX(Department of Physics, Anderson University, 1100 East 5th Street, Anderson, IN 46012, USA ), BY(Department of Life and Physical Sciences, Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology, Dublin Road, Galway, Republic of Ireland ), BZ(Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA ), CA(Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics and Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA ), CB(Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Iowa, Van Allen Hall, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA ), CC(Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Amado, AZ 85645, USA ), CD(Instituto de Astronomia y Fisica del Espacio, Casilla de Correo 67 - Sucursal 28, (C1428ZAA) Ciudad Autnoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina ), CE(Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA ), CF(School of Physics, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Republic of Ireland ), CG(Physics Department, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2T8, Canada ), CH(Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA ), CI(Department of Applied Physics and Instrumentation, Cork Institute of Technology, Bishopstown, Cork, Republic of Ireland ), CJ(Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Amado, AZ 85645, USA ), CK(School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK ), CL(Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA ), CM(Department of Physics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA ), CN(Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. 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Publication:
The Astrophysical Journal, Volume 703, Issue 1, pp. 169-178 (2009). (ApJ Homepage)
Publication Date:
09/2009
Origin:
IOP
ApJ Keywords:
BL Lacertae objects: individual: Markarian 421, galaxies: active, gamma rays: observations, radiation mechanisms: non-thermal, X-rays: galaxies
DOI:
10.1088/0004-637X/703/1/169
Bibliographic Code:
2009ApJ...703..169A

Abstract

We report on the results of two coordinated multiwavelength campaigns that focused on the blazar Markarian 421 during its 2006 and 2008 outbursts. These campaigns obtained UV and X-ray data using the XMM-Newton satellite, while the gamma-ray data were obtained utilizing three imaging atmospheric Cerenkov telescopes, the Whipple 10 m telescope and VERITAS, both based in Arizona, as well as the MAGIC telescope, based on La Palma in the Canary Islands. The coordinated effort between the gamma-ray groups allowed for truly simultaneous data in UV/X-ray/gamma-ray wavelengths during a significant portion of the XMM-Newton observations. This simultaneous coverage allowed for a reliable search for correlations between UV, X-ray, and gamma-ray variability over the course of the observations. Investigations of spectral hysteresis and modeling of the spectral energy distributions are also presented.
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