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Title:
Redistributing hot gas around galaxies: do cool clouds signal a solution to the overcooling problem?
Authors:
Kaufmann, Tobias; Bullock, James S.; Maller, Ariyeh H.; Fang, Taotao; Wadsley, James
Affiliation:
AA(Center for Cosmology, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA), AB(Center for Cosmology, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA), AC(Department of Physics, New York City College of Technology, CUNY, NY 11201, USA), AD(Center for Cosmology, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA), AE(Department of Physics and Astronomy, McMaster University, 1280 Main St West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada)
Publication:
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Volume 396, Issue 1, pp. 191-202. (MNRAS Homepage)
Publication Date:
06/2009
Origin:
MNRAS
MNRAS Keywords:
hydrodynamics , methods: N-body simulations , methods: numerical , galaxies: formation
DOI:
10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.14744.x
Bibliographic Code:
2009MNRAS.396..191K

Abstract

We present a pair of high-resolution smoothed particle hydrodynamics simulations that explore the evolution and cooling behaviour of hot gas around Milky Way size galaxies. The simulations contain the same total baryonic mass and are identical other than their initial gas density distributions. The first is initialized with a low-entropy hot gas halo that traces the cuspy profile of the dark matter, and the second is initialized with a high-entropy hot halo with a cored density profile as might be expected in models with pre-heating feedback. Galaxy formation proceeds in dramatically different fashion depending on the initial setup. While the low-entropy halo cools rapidly, primarily from the central region, the high-entropy halo is quasi-stable for ~4Gyr and eventually cools via the fragmentation and infall of clouds from ~100 kpc distances. The low-entropy halo's X-ray surface brightness is ~100 times brighter than current limits and the resultant disc galaxy contains more than half of the system's baryons. The high-entropy halo has an X-ray brightness that is in line with observations, an extended distribution of pressure-confined clouds reminiscent of observed populations and a final disc galaxy that has half the mass and ~50 per cent more specific angular momentum than the disc formed in the low-entropy simulation. The final high-entropy system retains the majority of its baryons in a low-density hot halo. The hot halo harbours a trace population of cool, mostly ionized, pressure-confined clouds that contain ~10 per cent of the halo's baryons after 10 Gyr of cooling. The covering fraction for HI and MgII absorption clouds in the high-entropy halo is ~0.4 and ~0.6, respectively, although most of the mass that fuels disc growth is ionized, and hence would be under counted in HI surveys.
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