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Title:
The Rise of Massive Red Galaxies: The Color-Magnitude and Color-Stellar Mass Diagrams for z phot ≲ 2 from the Multiwavelength Survey by Yale-Chile
Authors:
Taylor, Edward N.; Franx, Marijn; van Dokkum, Pieter G.; Bell, Eric F.; Brammer, Gabriel B.; Rudnick, Gregory; Wuyts, Stijn; Gawiser, Eric; Lira, Paulina; Urry, C. Megan; Rix, Hans-Walter
Affiliation:
AA(Sterrewacht Leiden, Leiden University, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands ), AB(Sterrewacht Leiden, Leiden University, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands ), AC(Department of Astronomy, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8101, USA ), AD(Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany ), AE(Department of Astronomy, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8101, USA ), AF(National Optical Astronomy Observatories, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA ; Goldberg Fellow. ; Currently at Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA. ), AG(Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA ; W. M. Keck Postdoctoral Fellow.), AH(Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA ), AI(Departamento de Astronomía, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile ), AJ(Department of Astronomy, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8101, USA ), AK(Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany )
Publication:
The Astrophysical Journal, Volume 694, Issue 2, pp. 1171-1199 (2009). (ApJ Homepage)
Publication Date:
04/2009
Origin:
IOP
ApJ Keywords:
galaxies: evolution, galaxies: formation, galaxies: high-redshift, galaxies: luminosity function, mass function, galaxies: stellar content
DOI:
10.1088/0004-637X/694/2/1171
Bibliographic Code:
2009ApJ...694.1171T

Abstract

We present the color-magnitude and color-stellar mass diagrams for galaxies with z phot ≲ 2, based on a K (AB) < 22 catalog of the \frac{1}{2} \times \frac{1}{2} \square ^{\circ } Extended Chandra Deep Field South from the MUltiwavelength Survey by Yale-Chile. Our main sample of 7840 galaxies contains 1297 M *>1011 M sun galaxies in the range 0.2 < z phot < 1.8. We show empirically that this catalog is approximately complete for M *>1011 M sun galaxies for z phot < 1.8. For this mass-limited sample, we show that the locus of the red sequence color-stellar mass relation evolves as Δ(u - r) vprop (-0.44 ± 0.02)z phot for z phot ≲ 1.2. For z phot ≳ 1.3, however, we are no longer able to reliably distinguish red and blue subpopulations from the observed color distribution; we show that this would require much deeper near-infrared data. At 1.5 < z phot < 1.8, the comoving number density of M *>1011 M sun galaxies is ≈50% of the local value, with a red fraction of ≈33%. Making a parametric fit to the observed evolution, we find n tot(z) vprop (1 + z phot)-0.52±0.12(±0.20). We find stronger evolution in the red fraction: f red(z) vprop (1 + z phot)-1.17±0.18(±0.21). Through a series of sensitivity analyses, we show that the most important sources of systematic error are (1) systematic differences in the analysis of the z ≈ 0 and z Gt 0 samples; (2) systematic effects associated with details of the photometric redshift calculation; and (3) uncertainties in the photometric calibration. With this in mind, we show that our results based on photometric redshifts are consistent with a completely independent analysis which does not require redshift information for individual galaxies. Our results suggest that, at most, 1/5 of local red sequence galaxies with M *>1011 M sun were already in place at z ~ 2.
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