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Title:
The Regulation of Cooling and Star Formation in Luminous Galaxies by Active Galactic Nucleus Feedback and the Cooling-Time/Entropy Threshold for the Onset of Star Formation
Authors:
Rafferty, D. A.; McNamara, B. R.; Nulsen, P. E. J.
Affiliation:
AA(Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802; and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701), AB(Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 2G1, Canada; and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Waterloo, ON N2L 2Y5, Canada; and Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA 02138), AC(Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA 02138)
Publication:
The Astrophysical Journal, Volume 687, Issue 2, pp. 899-918. (ApJ Homepage)
Publication Date:
11/2008
Origin:
UCP
ApJ Keywords:
Galaxies: Cooling Flows, Galaxies: Clusters: General, Galaxies: Elliptical and Lenticular, cD, X-Rays: Galaxies: Clusters
DOI:
10.1086/591240
Bibliographic Code:
2008ApJ...687..899R

Abstract

Using broadband optical imaging and Chandra X-ray data for a sample of 46 cluster central dominant galaxies (CDGs), we investigate the connection between star formation, the intracluster medium (ICM), and the central active galactic nucleus (AGN). We report the discovery of a remarkably sharp threshold for the onset of star formation that occurs when the central cooling time of the hot atmosphere falls below ~5×108 yr, or equivalently when the central entropy falls below ~30 keV cm2. In addition to this criterion, star formation in cooling flows also appears to require that the X-ray and galaxy centroids lie within ~20 kpc of each other and that the jet (cavity) power is smaller than the X-ray cooling luminosity. These three criteria, together with the high ratio of cooling time to AGN outburst (cavity) age across our sample, directly link the presence of star formation and AGN activity in CDGs to cooling instabilities in the intracluster plasma. Our results provide compelling evidence that AGN feedback into the hot ICM is largely responsible for regulating cooling and star formation in the cores of clusters, leading to the significant growth of supermassive black holes in CDGs at late times.
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