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Title:
Status and outlook of the neutron time-of-flight facility n_TOF at CERN
Authors:
The N Tof Collaboration; Abbondanno, U.; Aerts, G.; Álvarez, H.; Álvarez-Velarde, F.; Andriamonje, S.; Andrzejewski, J.; Assimakopoulos, P.; Audouin, L.; Badurek, G.; Baumann, P.; Bečvář, F.; Berthoumieux, E.; Calviño, F.; Cano-Ott, D.; Capote, R.; de Albornoz, A. Carrillo; Cennini, P.; Chepel, V.; Chiaveri, E.; Colonna, N.; Cortes, G.; Couture, A.; Cox, J.; Dahlfors, M.; David, S.; Dillman, I.; Dolfini, R.; Domingo-Pardo, C.; Dridi, W.; Duran, I.; Eleftheriadis, C.; Ferrant, L.; Ferrari, A.; Ferreira-Marques, R.; Frais-Koelbl, H.; Fujii, K.; Furman, W.; Goncalves, I.; González-Romero, E.; Goverdovski, A.; Gramegna, F.; Griesmayer, E.; Guerrero, C.; Haas, B.; Haight, R.; Heil, M.; Herrera-Martinez, A.; Igashira, M.; Isaev, S.; Jericha, E.; Käppeler, F.; Kadi, Y.; Karadimos, D.; Karamanis, D.; Kerveno, M.; Ketlerov, V.; Koehler, P.; Konovalov, V.; Kossionides, E.; Krtička, M.; Lampoudis, C.; Leeb, H.; Lindote, A.; Lopes, I.; Lozano, M.; Lukic, S.; Marganiec, J.; Marques, L.; Marrone, S.; Martínez, T.; Massimi, C.; Mastinu, P.; Mengoni, A.; Milazzo, P. M.; Moreau, C.; Mosconi, M.; Neves, F.; Oberhummer, H.; O'Brien, S.; Oshima, M.; Pancin, J.; Papachristodoulou, C.; Papadopoulos, C.; Paradela, C.; Patronis, N.; Pavlik, A.; Pavlopoulos, P.; Perrot, L.; Pigni, M. T.; Plag, R.; Plompen, A.; Plukis, A.; Poch, A.; Pretel, C.; Quesada, J.; Rauscher, T.; Reifarth, R.; Rosetti, M.; Rubbia, C.; Rudolf, G.; Rullhusen, P.; Salgado, J.; Sarchiapone, L.; Savvidis, I.; Stephan, C.; Tagliente, G.; Tain, J. L.; Tassan-Got, L.; Tavora, L.; Terlizzi, R.; Vannini, G.; Vaz, P.; Ventura, A.; Villamarin, D.; Vincente, M. C.; Vlachoudis, V.; Vlastou, R.; Voss, F.; Walter, S.; Wendler, H.; Wiescher, M.; Wisshak, K.
Affiliation:
AA(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/IN2P3 – CENBG, Bordeaux, France), AB(CEA/Saclay – DSM/DAPNIA, Gif-sur-Yvette, France), AC(Los Alamos National Laboratory, New Mexico, USA), AD(Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan), AE(CEA/Saclay – DSM/DAPNIA, Gif-sur-Yvette, France), AF(Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Physics Division, Oak Ridge, USA), AG(NCSR, Athens, Greece), AH(Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Bologna, and Sezione INFN di Bologna, Italy), AI(Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, Tokai-mura, Japan), AJ(National Technical University of Athens, Greece), AK(Institut für Isotopenforschung und Kernphysik, Universität Wien, Austria), AL(CEA/Saclay – DSM/DAPNIA, Gif-sur-Yvette, France), AM(Pôle Universitaire Léonard de Vinci, Paris La Défense, France), AN(Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan), AO(CEC-JRC-IRMM, Geel, Belgium; Department of Physics and Astronomy – University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland), AP(ENEA, Bologna, Italy), AQ(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Trieste, Italy), AR(Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Spain), AS(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Trieste, Italy), AT(Centro de Investigaciones Energeticas Medioambientales y Technologicas, Madrid, Spain), AU(University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland), AV(University of Ioannina, Greece), AW(University of Ioannina, Greece), AX(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Trieste, Italy), AY(Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Bologna, and Sezione INFN di Bologna, Italy), AZ(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/IN2P3 – IPN, Orsay, France), BA(Atominstitut der Österreichischen Universitäten, Technische Universität Wien, Austria), BB(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/IN2P3 – IReS, Strasbourg, France), BC(CEA/Saclay – DSM/DAPNIA, Gif-sur-Yvette, France), BD(Los Alamos National Laboratory, New Mexico, USA), BE(Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic), BF(Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Bologna, and Sezione INFN di Bologna, Italy), BG(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Trieste, Italy), BH(Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Spain), BI(CEC-JRC-IRMM, Geel, Belgium), BJ(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/IN2P3 – CENBG, Bordeaux, France), BK(Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, Spain), BL(Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Spain), BM(Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan), BN(International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Nuclear Data Section, Vienna, Austria), BO(Universidad de Sevilla, Spain), BP(CEC-JRC-IRMM, Geel, Belgium), BQ(Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan), BR(Instituto Tecnológico e Nuclear(ITN), Lisbon, Portugal), BS(CERN, Geneva, Switzerland), BT(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/IN2P3 – IPN, Orsay, France), BU(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Trieste, Italy), BV(LIP – Coimbra & Departamento de Fisica da Universidade de Coimbra, Portugal), BW(Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Bologna, and Sezione INFN di Bologna, Italy), BX(Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, Tokai-mura, Japan), BY(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/IN2P3 – IPN, Orsay, France), BZ(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Trieste, Italy), CA(NCSR, Athens, Greece), CB(NCSR, Athens, Greece), CC(National Technical University of Athens, Greece), CD(International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Nuclear Data Section, Vienna, Austria; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Trieste, Italy), CE(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Bari, Italy), CF(Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, Spain; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Trieste, Italy), CG(Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain), CH(Institut für Isotopenforschung und Kernphysik, Universität Wien, Austria), CI(Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; CEA/Saclay – DSM/DAPNIA, Gif-sur-Yvette, France), CJ(Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, Tokai-mura, Japan), CK(Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Spain), CL(Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Spain), CM(Department of Physics and Astronomy – University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland), CN(National Technical University of Athens, Greece), CO(Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Physics Division, Oak Ridge, USA), CP(ENEA, Bologna, Italy), CQ(Centro de Investigaciones Energeticas Medioambientales y Technologicas, Madrid, Spain), CR(Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan), CS(University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, USA), CT(Universidad de Sevilla, Spain), CU(CEC-JRC-IRMM, Geel, Belgium; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Trieste, Italy), CV(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/IN2P3 – CENBG, Bordeaux, France), CW(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/IN2P3 – CENBG, Bordeaux, France), CX(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/IN2P3 – IPN, Orsay, France), CY(Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Spain), CZ(Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, Tokai-mura, Japan), DA(University of Ioannina, Greece), DB(Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH (FZK), Institut für Kernphysik, Germany), DC(CEA/Saclay – DSM/DAPNIA, Gif-sur-Yvette, France), DD(NCSR, Athens, Greece), DE(Università degli Studi Pavia, Pavia, Italy), DF(Los Alamos National Laboratory, New Mexico, USA), DG(NCSR, Athens, Greece), DH(Instituto de Física Corpuscular, CSIC – Universidad de Valencia, Spain), DI(Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece), DJ(CEA/Saclay – DSM/DAPNIA, Gif-sur-Yvette, France), DK(Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, Tokai-mura, Japan), DL(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/IN2P3 – IPN, Orsay, France), DM(Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics, Dubna, Russia), DN(CEA/Saclay – DSM/DAPNIA, Gif-sur-Yvette, France), DO(University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland), DP(University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland), DQ(Department of Physics and Astronomy – University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland), DR(Institute of Physics and Power Engineering, Kaluga region, Obninsk, Russia), DS(CERN, Geneva, Switzerland), DT(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Italy), DU(Atominstitut der Österreichischen Universitäten, Technische Universität Wien, Austria), DV(National Technical University of Athens, Greece), DW(Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics, Dubna, Russia), DX(ENEA, Bologna, Italy), DY(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Trieste, Italy), DZ(Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic), EA(Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Bologna, and Sezione INFN di Bologna, Italy), EB(Centro de Investigaciones Energeticas Medioambientales y Technologicas, Madrid, Spain), EC(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/IN2P3 – IReS, Strasbourg, France), EE(Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Bologna, and Sezione INFN di Bologna, Italy), EE(ENEA, Bologna, Italy), EF(Centro de Investigaciones Energeticas Medioambientales y Technologicas, Madrid, Spain), EG(University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, USA), EH(ENEA, Bologna, Italy), EI(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Italy), EJ(Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan), EK(Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan), EL(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Trieste, Italy), EM(Università degli Studi Pavia, Pavia, Italy), EN(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/IN2P3 – IPN, Orsay, France), EO(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/IN2P3 – IPN, Orsay, France), EP(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Trieste, Italy), EQ(University of Ioannina, Greece), ER(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/IN2P3 – IPN, Orsay, France)
Publication:
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B, Volume 261, Issue 1-2, p. 925-929.
Publication Date:
08/2007
Origin:
ELSEVIER
Keywords:
29.25, 28.20.‑v, 24.30.‑v, 98.80
Abstract Copyright:
Elsevier B.V.
DOI:
10.1016/j.nimb.2007.03.096
Bibliographic Code:
2007NIMPB.261..925T

Abstract

The neutron time-of-flight facility n_TOF at CERN, fully operational since 2002, combines a high instantaneous neutron flux with high energy resolution. The wide energy range and the high neutron flux per time-of-flight burst result in a much enhanced signal to background ratio for neutron capture of radioactive isotopes and makes this facility well suited for the measurement of high quality neutron-induced reaction cross-sections. Neutrons are created by spallation reactions induced by a pulsed 20 GeV/c proton beam impinging on a lead target. A 5 cm water slab surrounding the lead target serves as a coolant and at the same time as a moderator of the spallation neutron spectrum, providing a wide energy spectrum from 0.1 eV to about 250 MeV. By the end of 2005, a first phase of data taking has been successfully terminated. Fission and capture experiments have been performed on a variety of isotopes of interest for nuclear astrophysics, advanced nuclear technologies and for basic nuclear physics. The instrumentation developed for this facility consists of parallel plate avalanche counter and fission ionization chamber detectors for the fission experiments and of low mass C6D6 detectors and a 4 pi BaF2 total absorption calorimeter for capture experiments. A new data acquisition system, based on sampling of the detector signals, has been developed to cope with the high count rates and to minimize the effective dead time to only a few tens of nanosecond. A second phase of data taking is planned to start in 2007, after an upgrade of the spallation target. On the longer term, the construction of a flight path at 20 m resulting in an increased neutron flux of about a factor of 100 opens new possibilities.
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