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Title:
Instantaneous dynamic pressure effects on the behaviour of lithic boulders in pyroclastic flows: the Abrigo Ignimbrite, Tenerife, Canary Islands
Authors:
Pittari, Adrian; Cas, Ray A. F.; Monaghan, Joe J.; Martí, Joan
Affiliation:
AA(School of Geosciences, Monash University), AB(School of Geosciences, Monash University), AC(School of Mathematical Sciences, Monash University), AD(Instituto de las Ciencias de la Tierra ‘Juame Almera’, CSIC)
Publication:
Bulletin of Volcanology, Volume 69, Issue 3, pp.265-279 (BVol Homepage)
Publication Date:
01/2007
Origin:
SPRINGER
Keywords:
Instantaneous dynamic pressure, Aerodynamic drag, Static friction, Pyroclastic flow, Lithic clast, Abrigo Ignimbrite, Tenerife
Abstract Copyright:
(c) 2007: Springer-Verlag
DOI:
10.1007/s00445-006-0072-7
Bibliographic Code:
2007BVol...69..265P

Abstract

A method for estimating the instantaneous dynamic pressure near the base of ancient pyroclastic flows, using large lithic boulders from the late Pleistocene Abrigo Ignimbrite, is proposed here. The minimum instantaneous dynamic pressure is obtained by determining the minimum aerodynamic drag force exerted by a pyroclastic flow onto a stationary boulder that will allow the boulder to overcome static friction with the underlying substrate, and move within the flow. Consideration is given to the properties of the boulder (shape, roughness, size, density and orientation relative to the flow), substrate (type and hill slope angle), boulder-substrate interface (looseness of boulder, coefficient of static friction) and flow (coefficient of aerodynamic drag). Nineteen boulders from massive, lithic-rich ignimbrite deposits at two localities on Tenerife were assessed in this study. Minimum dynamic pressures required for Abrigo pyroclastic flows to move these boulders ranged from 5 to 38 kPa, which are comparable to dynamic pressures previously calculated from observations of the damage caused by recent pyroclastic flows. Considering the maximum possible range in flow density, the derived minimum velocity range for the Abrigo pyroclastic flows is 1.3 to 87 m s‑1.
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