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Title:
The Frequency of Mid-Infrared Excess Sources in Galactic Surveys
Authors:
Uzpen, B.; Kobulnicky, H. A.; Monson, A. J.; Pierce, M. J.; Clemens, D. P.; Backman, D. E.; Meade, M. R.; Babler, B. L.; Indebetouw, R.; Whitney, B. A.; Watson, C.; Wolfire, M. G.; Benjamin, R. A.; Bracker, S.; Bania, T. M.; Cohen, M.; Cyganowski, C. J.; Devine, K. E.; Heitsch, F.; Jackson, J. M.; Mathis, J. S.; Mercer, E. P.; Povich, M. S.; Rho, J.; Robitaille, T. P.; Sewilo, M.; Stolovy, S. R.; Watson, D. F.; Wolff, M. J.; Churchwell, E.
Affiliation:
AA(Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY.), AB(Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY.), AC(Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY.), AD(Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY.), AE(Institute for Astrophysical Research, Boston University, Boston, MA.), AF(SOFIA, NASA-Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA.), AG(Department of Astronomy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI.), AH(Department of Astronomy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI.), AI(Department of Astronomy, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA.), AJ(Space Science Institute, Boulder, CO.), AK(Department of Physics, Manchester College, North Manchester, IN.), AL(Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD.), AM(Physics Department, University of Wisconsin, Whitewater, WI.), AN(Department of Astronomy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI.), AO(Institute for Astrophysical Research, Boston University, Boston, MA.), AP(Radio Astronomy Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA.), AQ(Department of Astronomy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI.), AR(Department of Astronomy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI.), AS(Department of Astronomy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.), AT(Institute for Astrophysical Research, Boston University, Boston, MA.), AU(Department of Astronomy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI.), AV(Institute for Astrophysical Research, Boston University, Boston, MA.), AW(Department of Astronomy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI.), AX(Spitzer Science Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA.), AY(School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife, UK.), AZ(Department of Astronomy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI.), BA(Spitzer Science Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA.), BB(Department of Astronomy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI.), BC(Space Science Institute, Boulder, CO.), BD(Department of Astronomy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI.)
Publication:
The Astrophysical Journal, Volume 658, Issue 2, pp. 1264-1288. (ApJ Homepage)
Publication Date:
04/2007
Origin:
UCP
ApJ Keywords:
Stars: Circumstellar Matter, Stars: Planetary Systems
DOI:
10.1086/511736
Bibliographic Code:
2007ApJ...658.1264U

Abstract

We have identified 230 Tycho-2 Spectral Catalog stars that exhibit 8 μm mid-IR extraphotospheric excesses in the MSX and Spitzer GLIMPSE surveys. Of these, 183 are either OB stars earlier than B8 in which the excess plausibly arises from a thermal bremsstrahlung component or evolved stars in which the excess may be explained by an atmospheric dust component. The remaining 47 stars have spectral classifications B8 or later and appear to be main-sequence or late pre-main-sequence objects harboring circumstellar disks. Six of the 47 stars exhibit multiple signatures characteristic of pre-main-sequence circumstellar disks, including emission lines, near-IR K-band excesses, and X-ray emission. Approximately one-third of the remaining 41 sources have emission lines suggesting relative youth. We modeled the excesses in 26 stars having two or more measurements in excess of the expected photospheres as single-component blackbodies. We determine probable disk temperatures and fractional IR luminosities in the range 191 K<T<787 K and 3.9×10-4<LIR/L*<2.7×10-1. The majority of our modeled sample (14 stars) have 10-3<LIR/L*<10-2 and are consistent with either transition disks or massive debris disks. These objects have fractional IR luminosities and temperatures between those of β Pic-type debris disk systems (LIR/L*<=10-3) and Class II pre-main-sequence systems (LIR/L*~=10-1). We estimate a lower limit on the fraction of Tycho-2 Spectral Catalog main-sequence stars having mid-IR, but not near-IR, excesses to be 1.0%+/-0.3%.
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