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Title:
Formalism for testing theories of gravity using lensing by compact objects. III. Braneworld gravity
Authors:
Keeton, Charles R.; Petters, A. O.
Affiliation:
AA(Department of Physics & Astronomy, Rutgers University, 136 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA), AA(Departments of Mathematics and Physics, Duke University, Science Drive, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0320, USA)
Publication:
Physical Review D, vol. 73, Issue 10, id. 104032 (PhRvD Homepage)
Publication Date:
05/2006
Origin:
APS
Abstract Copyright:
(c) 2006: The American Physical Society
DOI:
10.1103/PhysRevD.73.104032
Bibliographic Code:
2006PhRvD..73j4032K

Abstract

Braneworld gravity is a model that endows physical space with an extra dimension. In the type II Randall-Sundrum braneworld gravity model, the extra dimension modifies the spacetime geometry around black holes, and changes predictions for the formation and survival of primordial black holes. We develop a comprehensive analytical formalism for far-field black hole lensing in this model, using invariant quantities to compute all the geometric optics lensing observables: bending angle, image position, magnification, centroid, and time delay. We then make the first analysis of wave optics in braneworld lensing, working in the semiclassical limit. Through quantitative examples we show that wave optics offers the only realistic way to observe braneworld effects in black hole lensing. We point out that if primordial braneworld black holes exist, have mass M•, and contribute a fraction fbh of the dark matter, then roughly ˜3×105×fbh(M•/10-18Mȯ)-1 of them lie within our Solar System. These objects, which we call “attolenses,” would produce interference fringes in the energy spectra of gamma-ray bursts at energies E˜100(M•/10-18Mȯ)-1MeV (which will soon be accessible with the GLAST satellite). Primordial braneworld black holes spread throughout the Universe could produce similar interference effects. If they contribute a fraction Ω• of the total energy density, the probability that gamma-ray bursts are “attolensed” is at least ˜0.1Ω•. If observed, attolensing interference fringes would yield a simple upper limit on M•. Detection of a primordial black hole with M•≲10-19Mȯ would challenge general relativity and favor the braneworld model. Further work on lensing tests of braneworld gravity must proceed into the physical optics regime, which awaits a description of the full spacetime geometry around braneworld black holes.

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