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Title:
The reversibility of mitotic exit in vertebrate cells
Authors:
Potapova, Tamara A.; Daum, John R.; Pittman, Bradley D.; Hudson, Joanna R.; Jones, Tara N.; Satinover, David L.; Stukenberg, P. Todd; Gorbsky, Gary J.
Affiliation:
AA(Program in Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13th Street, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA), AB(Program in Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13th Street, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA), AC(Program in Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13th Street, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA), AD(Program in Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13th Street, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA), AE(Program in Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13th Street, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA), AF(Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia Medical School, 1300 Jefferson Park Avenue, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA), AG(Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia Medical School, 1300 Jefferson Park Avenue, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA), AH(Program in Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13th Street, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA)
Publication:
Nature, Volume 440, Issue 7086, pp. 954-958 (2006). (Nature Homepage)
Publication Date:
04/2006
Origin:
NATURE
Abstract Copyright:
(c) 2006: Nature
DOI:
10.1038/nature04652
Bibliographic Code:
2006Natur.440..954P

Abstract

A guiding hypothesis for cell-cycle regulation asserts that regulated proteolysis constrains the directionality of certain cell-cycle transitions. Here we test this hypothesis for mitotic exit, which is regulated by degradation of the cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (Cdk1) activator, cyclin B. Application of chemical Cdk1 inhibitors to cells in mitosis induces cytokinesis and other normal aspects of mitotic exit, including cyclin B degradation. However, chromatid segregation fails, resulting in entrapment of chromatin in the midbody. If cyclin B degradation is blocked with a proteasome inhibitor or by expression of non-degradable cyclin B, Cdk inhibitors will nonetheless induce mitotic exit and cytokinesis. However, if after mitotic exit, the Cdk1 inhibitor is washed free from cells in which cyclin B degradation is blocked, the cells can revert back to M phase. This reversal is characterized by chromosome recondensation, nuclear envelope breakdown, assembly of microtubules into a mitotic spindle, and in most cases, dissolution of the midbody, reopening of the cleavage furrow, and realignment of chromosomes at the metaphase plate. These findings demonstrate that proteasome-dependent degradation of cyclin B provides directionality for the M phase to G1 transition.
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