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Title:
Discovery of a cool planet of 5.5 Earth masses through gravitational microlensing
Authors:
Beaulieu, J.-P.; Bennett, D. P.; Fouqué, P.; Williams, A.; Dominik, M.; Jørgensen, U. G.; Kubas, D.; Cassan, A.; Coutures, C.; Greenhill, J.; Hill, K.; Menzies, J.; Sackett, P. D.; Albrow, M.; Brillant, S.; Caldwell, J. A. R.; Calitz, J. J.; Cook, K. H.; Corrales, E.; Desort, M.; Dieters, S.; Dominis, D.; Donatowicz, J.; Hoffman, M.; Kane, S.; Marquette, J.-B.; Martin, R.; Meintjes, P.; Pollard, K.; Sahu, K.; Vinter, C.; Wambsganss, J.; Woller, K.; Horne, K.; Steele, I.; Bramich, D. M.; Burgdorf, M.; Snodgrass, C.; Bode, M.; Udalski, A.; Szymański, M. K.; Kubiak, M.; Wiȩckowski, T.; Pietrzyński, G.; Soszyński, I.; Szewczyk, O.; Wyrzykowski, Ł.; Paczyński, B.; Abe, F.; Bond, I. A.; Britton, T. R.; Gilmore, A. C.; Hearnshaw, J. B.; Itow, Y.; Kamiya, K.; Kilmartin, P. M.; Korpela, A. V.; Masuda, K.; Matsubara, Y.; Motomura, M.; Muraki, Y.; Nakamura, S.; Okada, C.; Ohnishi, K.; Rattenbury, N. J.; Sako, T.; Sato, S.; Sasaki, M.; Sekiguchi, T.; Sullivan, D. J.; Tristram, P. J.; Yock, P. C. M.; Yoshioka, T.
Affiliation:
AA(PLANET/RoboNet Collaboration (http://planet.iap.fr and http://www.astro.livjm.ac.uk/RoboNet/)), AB(PLANET/RoboNet Collaboration (http://planet.iap.fr and http://www.astro.livjm.ac.uk/RoboNet/)), AC(PLANET/RoboNet Collaboration (http://planet.iap.fr and http://www.astro.livjm.ac.uk/RoboNet/)), AD(PLANET/RoboNet Collaboration (http://planet.iap.fr and http://www.astro.livjm.ac.uk/RoboNet/)), AE(PLANET/RoboNet Collaboration (http://planet.iap.fr and http://www.astro.livjm.ac.uk/RoboNet/)), AF(PLANET/RoboNet Collaboration (http://planet.iap.fr and http://www.astro.livjm.ac.uk/RoboNet/)), AG(PLANET/RoboNet Collaboration (http://planet.iap.fr and http://www.astro.livjm.ac.uk/RoboNet/)), AH(PLANET/RoboNet Collaboration (http://planet.iap.fr and http://www.astro.livjm.ac.uk/RoboNet/)), AI(PLANET/RoboNet Collaboration (http://planet.iap.fr and http://www.astro.livjm.ac.uk/RoboNet/)), AJ(PLANET/RoboNet Collaboration (http://planet.iap.fr and http://www.astro.livjm.ac.uk/RoboNet/)), AK(PLANET/RoboNet Collaboration (http://planet.iap.fr and http://www.astro.livjm.ac.uk/RoboNet/)), AL(PLANET/RoboNet Collaboration (http://planet.iap.fr and http://www.astro.livjm.ac.uk/RoboNet/)), AM(PLANET/RoboNet Collaboration (http://planet.iap.fr and http://www.astro.livjm.ac.uk/RoboNet/)), AN(PLANET/RoboNet Collaboration (http://planet.iap.fr and http://www.astro.livjm.ac.uk/RoboNet/)), AO(PLANET/RoboNet Collaboration (http://planet.iap.fr and http://www.astro.livjm.ac.uk/RoboNet/)), AP(PLANET/RoboNet Collaboration (http://planet.iap.fr and http://www.astro.livjm.ac.uk/RoboNet/)), AQ(PLANET/RoboNet Collaboration (http://planet.iap.fr and http://www.astro.livjm.ac.uk/RoboNet/)), AR(PLANET/RoboNet Collaboration (http://planet.iap.fr and http://www.astro.livjm.ac.uk/RoboNet/); Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, IGPP, PO Box 808, Livermore, California 94551, USA), AS(PLANET/RoboNet Collaboration (http://planet.iap.fr and http://www.astro.livjm.ac.uk/RoboNet/)), AT(PLANET/RoboNet Collaboration (http://planet.iap.fr and http://www.astro.livjm.ac.uk/RoboNet/)), AU(PLANET/RoboNet Collaboration (http://planet.iap.fr and http://www.astro.livjm.ac.uk/RoboNet/)), AV(PLANET/RoboNet Collaboration (http://planet.iap.fr and http://www.astro.livjm.ac.uk/RoboNet/); Universität Potsdam, Institut für Physik, Am Neuen Palais 10, 14469 Potsdam, Astrophysikalisches Institut Potsdam, An der Sternwarte 16, D-14482, Potsdam, Germany), AW(PLANET/RoboNet Collaboration (http://planet.iap.fr and http://www.astro.livjm.ac.uk/RoboNet/); Technische Universität Wien, Wiedner Hauptstrasse 8 / 020 B.A. 1040 Wien, Austria), AX(PLANET/RoboNet Collaboration (http://planet.iap.fr and http://www.astro.livjm.ac.uk/RoboNet/); Universität Potsdam, Institut für Physik, Am Neuen Palais 10, 14469 Potsdam, Astrophysikalisches Institut Potsdam, An der Sternwarte 16, D-14482, Potsdam, Germany), AY(PLANET/RoboNet Collaboration (http://planet.iap.fr and http://www.astro.livjm.ac.uk/RoboNet/); Department of Astronomy, University of Florida, 211 Bryant Space Science Center, Gainesville, Florida 32611-2055, USA), AZ(PLANET/RoboNet Collaboration (http://planet.iap.fr and http://www.astro.livjm.ac.uk/RoboNet/)), BA(PLANET/RoboNet Collaboration (http://planet.iap.fr and http://www.astro.livjm.ac.uk/RoboNet/)), BB(PLANET/RoboNet Collaboration (http://planet.iap.fr and http://www.astro.livjm.ac.uk/RoboNet/)), BC(PLANET/RoboNet Collaboration (http://planet.iap.fr and http://www.astro.livjm.ac.uk/RoboNet/)), BD(PLANET/RoboNet Collaboration (http://planet.iap.fr and http://www.astro.livjm.ac.uk/RoboNet/); Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA), BE(PLANET/RoboNet Collaboration (http://planet.iap.fr and http://www.astro.livjm.ac.uk/RoboNet/)), BF(PLANET/RoboNet Collaboration (http://planet.iap.fr and http://www.astro.livjm.ac.uk/RoboNet/); Astronomisches Rechen-Institut (ARI), Zentrum für Astronomie, Universität Heidelberg, Mönchhofstrasse 12-14, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany), BG(PLANET/RoboNet Collaboration (http://planet.iap.fr and http://www.astro.livjm.ac.uk/RoboNet/)), BH(PLANET/RoboNet Collaboration (http://planet.iap.fr and http://www.astro.livjm.ac.uk/RoboNet/)), BI(PLANET/RoboNet Collaboration (http://planet.iap.fr and http://www.astro.livjm.ac.uk/RoboNet/); Astrophysics Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, Twelve Quays House, Egerton Wharf, Birkenhead CH41 1LD, UK), BJ(Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, University of St Andrews, School of Physics and Astronomy, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9SS, UK; Astrophysics Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, Twelve Quays House, Egerton Wharf, Birkenhead CH41 1LD, UK), BK(PLANET/RoboNet Collaboration (http://planet.iap.fr and http://www.astro.livjm.ac.uk/RoboNet/); Astrophysics Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, Twelve Quays House, Egerton Wharf, Birkenhead CH41 1LD, UK), BL(PLANET/RoboNet Collaboration (http://planet.iap.fr and http://www.astro.livjm.ac.uk/RoboNet/); Astronomy and Planetary Science Division, Department of Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK), BM(PLANET/RoboNet Collaboration (http://planet.iap.fr and http://www.astro.livjm.ac.uk/RoboNet/); Astrophysics Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, Twelve Quays House, Egerton Wharf, Birkenhead CH41 1LD, UK), BN(OGLE Collaboration (http://ogle.astrouw.edu.pl); Obserwatorium Astronomiczne Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland), BO(OGLE Collaboration (http://ogle.astrouw.edu.pl); Obserwatorium Astronomiczne Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland), BP(OGLE Collaboration (http://ogle.astrouw.edu.pl); Obserwatorium Astronomiczne Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland), BQ(OGLE Collaboration (http://ogle.astrouw.edu.pl); Obserwatorium Astronomiczne Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland), BR(OGLE Collaboration (http://ogle.astrouw.edu.pl); Obserwatorium Astronomiczne Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland), BS(OGLE Collaboration (http://ogle.astrouw.edu.pl); Obserwatorium Astronomiczne Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland), BT(OGLE Collaboration (http://ogle.astrouw.edu.pl); Obserwatorium Astronomiczne Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland), BU(OGLE Collaboration (http://ogle.astrouw.edu.pl); Obserwatorium Astronomiczne Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland), BV(OGLE Collaboration (http://ogle.astrouw.edu.pl); Princeton University Observatory, Peyton Hall, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA), BW(MOA Collaboration (http://www.physics.auckland.ac.nz/moa); Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-860, Japan), BX(MOA Collaboration (http://www.physics.auckland.ac.nz/moa); Institute for Information and Mathematical Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 102-904, Auckland, New Zealand), BY(University of Canterbury, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8020, New Zealand; Department of Physics, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand), BZ(MOA Collaboration (http://www.physics.auckland.ac.nz/moa)), CA(MOA Collaboration (http://www.physics.auckland.ac.nz/moa)), CB(MOA Collaboration (http://www.physics.auckland.ac.nz/moa); Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-860, Japan), CC(MOA Collaboration (http://www.physics.auckland.ac.nz/moa); Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-860, Japan), CD(MOA Collaboration (http://www.physics.auckland.ac.nz/moa)), CE(MOA Collaboration (http://www.physics.auckland.ac.nz/moa); School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University, PO Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand), CF(MOA Collaboration (http://www.physics.auckland.ac.nz/moa); Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-860, Japan), CG(MOA Collaboration (http://www.physics.auckland.ac.nz/moa); Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-860, Japan), CH(MOA Collaboration (http://www.physics.auckland.ac.nz/moa); Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-860, Japan), CI(MOA Collaboration (http://www.physics.auckland.ac.nz/moa); Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-860, Japan), CJ(MOA Collaboration (http://www.physics.auckland.ac.nz/moa); Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-860, Japan), CK(MOA Collaboration (http://www.physics.auckland.ac.nz/moa); Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-860, Japan), CL(MOA Collaboration (http://www.physics.auckland.ac.nz/moa); Nagano National College of Technology, Nagano 381-8550, Japan), CM(MOA Collaboration (http://www.physics.auckland.ac.nz/moa); Jodrell Bank Observatory, The University of Manchester, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK11 9DL, UK), CN(MOA Collaboration (http://www.physics.auckland.ac.nz/moa); Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-860, Japan), CO(MOA Collaboration (http://www.physics.auckland.ac.nz/moa); Department of Astrophysics, Faculty of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-860, Japan), CP(MOA Collaboration (http://www.physics.auckland.ac.nz/moa); Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-860, Japan), CQ(MOA Collaboration (http://www.physics.auckland.ac.nz/moa); Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-860, Japan), CR(MOA Collaboration (http://www.physics.auckland.ac.nz/moa); School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University, PO Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand), CS(MOA Collaboration (http://www.physics.auckland.ac.nz/moa); Department of Physics, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand), CT(MOA Collaboration (http://www.physics.auckland.ac.nz/moa); Department of Physics, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand), CU(MOA Collaboration (http://www.physics.auckland.ac.nz/moa); Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-860, Japan)
Publication:
Nature, Volume 439, Issue 7075, pp. 437-440 (2006). (Nature Homepage)
Publication Date:
01/2006
Origin:
NATURE
DOI:
10.1038/nature04441
Bibliographic Code:
2006Natur.439..437B

Abstract

In the favoured core-accretion model of formation of planetary systems, solid planetesimals accumulate to build up planetary cores, which then accrete nebular gas if they are sufficiently massive. Around M-dwarf stars (the most common stars in our Galaxy), this model favours the formation of Earth-mass (M) to Neptune-mass planets with orbital radii of 1 to 10astronomical units (AU), which is consistent with the small number of gas giant planets known to orbit M-dwarf host stars. More than 170 extrasolar planets have been discovered with a wide range of masses and orbital periods, but planets of Neptune's mass or less have not hitherto been detected at separations of more than 0.15AU from normal stars. Here we report the discovery of a 5.5+5.5-2.7 M planetary companion at a separation of 2.6+1.5-0.6AU from a 0.22+0.21-0.11 Msolar M-dwarf star, where Msolar refers to a solar mass. (We propose to name it OGLE-2005-BLG-390Lb, indicating a planetary mass companion to the lens star of the microlensing event.) The mass is lower than that of GJ876d (ref. 5), although the error bars overlap. Our detection suggests that such cool, sub-Neptune-mass planets may be more common than gas giant planets, as predicted by the core accretion theory.
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