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Title:
Chandra Observations of the X-Ray Halo around the Crab Nebula
Authors:
Seward, F. D.; Gorenstein, P.; Smith, R. K.
Affiliation:
AA(Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138), AB(Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138), AC(Goddard Spaceflight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771; and Johns Hopkins University, 3701 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218)
Publication:
The Astrophysical Journal, Volume 636, Issue 2, pp. 873-880. (ApJ Homepage)
Publication Date:
01/2006
Origin:
UCP
ApJ Keywords:
ISM: Individual: Name: Crab Nebula, ISM: Supernova Remnants, X-Rays: ISM
DOI:
10.1086/498105
Bibliographic Code:
2006ApJ...636..873S

Abstract

Two Chandra observations have been used to search for thermal X-ray emission from within and around the Crab Nebula. Dead time was minimized by excluding the brightest part of the nebula from the field of view. A dust-scattered halo comprising 5% of the strength of the Crab is clearly detected, with surface brightness measured out to a radial distance of 18'. Coverage is 100% at 4', 50% at 12', and 25% at 18'. The observed halo is compared with predictions based on three different interstellar grain models, and one can be adjusted to fit the observation. This dust halo and mirror scattering form a high background region that has been searched for emission from shock-heated material in an outer shell. We find no evidence for such emission. We can set upper limits a factor of 10-1000 less than the surface brightness observed from outer shells around similar remnants. The upper limit for X-ray luminosity of an outer shell is ~1034 ergs s-1. Although it is possible to reconcile our observation with an 8-13 Msolar progenitor, we argue that this is unlikely.
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