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Title:
Quantum limits to the second law and breach of symmetry
Authors:
Nikulov, Alexey
Publication:
eprint arXiv:cond-mat/0505508
Publication Date:
05/2005
Origin:
ARXIV
Keywords:
Condensed Matter - Statistical Mechanics, Condensed Matter - Superconductivity
Comment:
9 pages, 2 figures, the Invited Lecture presented at the Conference "Frontiers of Quantum and Mesoscopic Thermodynamics" 26-29 July 2004, Prague
Bibliographic Code:
2005cond.mat..5508N

Abstract

Connection between an intrinsic breach of symmetry of equilibrium motion and violation of the second law is accentuated. An intrinsic breach only of clockwise - counter-clockwise symmetry of a circular equilibrium motion can be logical under equilibrium conditions, whereas a breach of right-left symmetry should be always an actual violation of the second law. The reader's attention is drawn to experimental evidence of an intrinsic breach of the clockwise - counter-clockwise symmetry of a circular equilibrium motion, well known as the persistent current. The persistent current is observed in mesoscopic normal metal, semiconductor and superconductor loops and the clockwise - counter-clockwise symmetry is broken because of the discrete spectrum of the permitted states of quantum charged particles in a closed loop. The quantum oscillations of the dc voltage observed on a segment of an asymmetric superconducting loop is experimental evidence of the intrinsic breach of the right-left symmetry and an actual violation of the second law.
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