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Title:
A Significant Population of Red, Near-Infrared-selected High-Redshift Galaxies
Authors:
Franx, Marijn; Labbé, Ivo; Rudnick, Gregory; van Dokkum, Pieter G.; Daddi, Emanuele; Förster Schreiber, Natascha M.; Moorwood, Alan; Rix, Hans-Walter; Röttgering, Huub; van de Wel, Arjen; van der Werf, Paul; van Starkenburg, Lottie
Affiliation:
AA(Leiden Observatory, P.O. Box 9513, J. H. Oort Building, Niels Bohrweg 2, NL-2300 RA, Leiden, Netherlands.), AB(Leiden Observatory, P.O. Box 9513, J. H. Oort Building, Niels Bohrweg 2, NL-2300 RA, Leiden, Netherlands.), AC(Max-Plank-Institut für Astrophysik, P.O. Box 1317, Karl-Schwarzschild-Strasse 1, D-85741 Garching, Germany.), AD(California Institute of Technology, MS 105-24, Pasadena, CA 91125.), AE(European Southern Observatory, Karl-Schwarzschild-Strasse 2, D-85748 Garching, Germany.), AF(Leiden Observatory, P.O. Box 9513, J. H. Oort Building, Niels Bohrweg 2, NL-2300 RA, Leiden, Netherlands.), AG(European Southern Observatory, Karl-Schwarzschild-Strasse 2, D-85748 Garching, Germany.), AH(Max-Plank-Institut für Astronomie, Königstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany.), AI(Leiden Observatory, P.O. Box 9513, J. H. Oort Building, Niels Bohrweg 2, NL-2300 RA, Leiden, Netherlands.), AJ(Leiden Observatory, P.O. Box 9513, J. H. Oort Building, Niels Bohrweg 2, NL-2300 RA, Leiden, Netherlands.), AK(Leiden Observatory, P.O. Box 9513, J. H. Oort Building, Niels Bohrweg 2, NL-2300 RA, Leiden, Netherlands.), AL(Leiden Observatory, P.O. Box 9513, J. H. Oort Building, Niels Bohrweg 2, NL-2300 RA, Leiden, Netherlands.)
Publication:
The Astrophysical Journal, Volume 587, Issue 2, pp. L79-L82. (ApJL Homepage)
Publication Date:
04/2003
Origin:
UCP
ApJ Keywords:
Galaxies: Evolution, Galaxies: High-Redshift
DOI:
10.1086/375155
Bibliographic Code:
2003ApJ...587L..79F

Abstract

We use very deep near-infrared photometry of the Hubble Deep Field-South taken with ISAAC on the Very Large Telescope to identify a population of high-redshift galaxies with rest-frame optical colors similar to those of nearby galaxies. The galaxies are chosen by their infrared colors Js-Ks>2.3, aimed at selecting galaxies with redshifts above 2. When applied to our data set, we find 14 galaxies with Ks<22.5, corresponding to a surface density of 3+/-0.8 arcmin-2. The photometric redshifts all lie above 1.9, with a median of 2.6 and an rms of 0.7. The spectral energy distributions of these galaxies show a wide range. One is very blue in the rest-frame UV and satisfies the normal Lyman break criteria for high-redshift, star-forming galaxies. Others are quite red throughout the observed spectral range and are extremely faint in the optical, with a median V=26.6. Hence, these galaxies would not be included in photometric samples based on optical ground-based data, and spectroscopic follow-up is difficult. The spectral energy distributions often show a prominent break, identified as the Balmer break or the 4000 Å break. The median age is 1 Gyr when fitted with a constant star formation model with dust or 0.7 Gyr when fitted with a single burst model. Although significantly younger ages cannot be excluded when a larger range of models is allowed, the results indicate that these galaxies are among the oldest at these redshifts. The volume density to Ks=22.5 is half that of Lyman break galaxies at z~3. Since the mass-to-light ratios of the red galaxies are likely to be higher, the stellar mass density is inferred to be comparable to that of Lyman break galaxies. These red galaxies may be the descendants of galaxies that started to form stars at very high redshifts, and they may evolve into the most massive galaxies at low redshift.

Based on service mode observations collected at the European Southern Observatory, Paranal, Chile (ESO programme 164.O-0612).

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