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Title:
A Chandra observation of the X-ray environment and jet of 3C 31
Authors:
Hardcastle, M. J.; Worrall, D. M.; Birkinshaw, M.; Laing, R. A.; Bridle, A. H.
Publication:
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Volume 334, Issue 1, pp. 182-192. (MNRAS Homepage)
Publication Date:
07/2002
Origin:
MNRAS
MNRAS Keywords:
radiation mechanisms: non-thermal, galaxies: active, galaxies: individual: 3C 31, galaxies: jets, X-rays: galaxies
Abstract Copyright:
(c) 2002 Blackwell Science Ltd
DOI:
10.1046/j.1365-8711.2002.05513.x
Bibliographic Code:
2002MNRAS.334..182H

Abstract

We have used a deep Chandra observation of the central regions of the twin-jet Fanaroff-Riley class I (FRI) radio galaxy 3C 31 to resolve the thermal X-ray emission in the central few kpc of the host galaxy, NGC 383, where the jets are thought to be decelerating rapidly. This allows us to make high-precision measurements of the density, temperature and pressure distributions in this region, and to show that the X-ray emitting gas in the centre of the galaxy has a cooling time of only 5×107yr. In a companion paper, these measurements are used to place constraints on models of the jet dynamics. A previously unknown one-sided X-ray jet in 3C 31, extending up to 8arcsec from the nucleus, is detected and resolved. Its structure and steep X-ray spectrum are similar to those of X-ray jets known in other FRI sources, and we attribute the radiation to synchrotron emission from a high-energy population of electrons. In situ particle acceleration is required in the region of the jet where bulk deceleration is taking place. We also present X-ray spectra and luminosities of the galaxies in the Arp 331 chain of which NGC 383 is a member. The spectrum and spatial properties of the nearby bright X-ray source 1E 0104+3153 are used to argue that the soft X-ray emission is mostly due to a foreground group of galaxies rather than to the background broad absorption-line quasar.

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