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Title:
The missing soft X-ray luminosity in cluster cooling flows
Authors:
Fabian, A. C.; Allen, S. W.; Crawford, C. S.; Johnstone, R. M.; Morris, R. G.; Sanders, J. S.; Schmidt, R. W.
Affiliation:
AA(Institute of Astronomy, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA), AB(Institute of Astronomy, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA), AC(Institute of Astronomy, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA), AD(Institute of Astronomy, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA), AE(Institute of Astronomy, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA), AF(Institute of Astronomy, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA), AG(Institute of Astronomy, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA)
Publication:
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Volume 332, Issue 3, pp. L50-L54. (MNRAS Homepage)
Publication Date:
05/2002
Origin:
MNRAS
MNRAS Keywords:
galaxies: clusters: general, cooling flows, X-rays: galaxies
DOI:
10.1046/j.1365-8711.2002.05510.x
Bibliographic Code:
2002MNRAS.332L..50F

Abstract

The gas temperature in the cores of many clusters of galaxies drops inward by about a factor of 3 or more within the central 100-kpc radius. The radiative cooling time drops over the same region from 5 or more Gyr down to below a few 108 yr. Although this indicates that cooling flows are taking place, XMM-Newton spectra show no evidence for strong mass cooling rates of gas below 1-2keV. The soft X-ray luminosity expected from steady cooling flows is missing. Here we outline and test the energetics of a cold mixing model in which gas below 1-2keV falls from the flow and is rapidly cooled by mixing with cold gas. The missing X-ray luminosity can emerge in the ultraviolet, optical and infrared bands, where strong emission nebulosities are commonly seen. We explore further the requirements for any heat sources that balance the radiative cooling in cluster cores.

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