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Title:
On metagalactic distance-indicators
Authors:
Lundmark, Knut
Publication:
Vistas in Astronomy, vol. 2, Issue 1, pp.1607-1619
Publication Date:
00/1956
Origin:
ELSEVIER
DOI:
10.1016/0083-6656(56)90088-5
Bibliographic Code:
1956VA......2.1607L

Abstract

First, an historical outline is given of the "Island-Universe" conception ( , 1609), and of the development of our knowledge of the nebulae. The cosmological views of the eighteenth century are surveyed, and in particular the developments in England during the Restoration Period (1660 1700), the Augustan Age (1700 1745), and the era of Rationalism and Neo-Romanticism (1750 1820), due to , and . The latter's work founded on stellar-statistical principles resulted in 1767 in the derivation of an average distance of nebulae. work, and dictum of 1858 are discussed. attempt of 1907 referring to the parallax of the Andromeda nebula, and other work by in 1917 and in 1919 are described. The various distance-indicators are introduced ( e.g. the use of novae since 1919, of supergiants since 1920, of Cepheids since 1924, and of globular clusters since 1931), and absorption effects are considered. On the basis of these indicators a distance of the Andromeda nebula of 1.23 × 10 6 light-years is derived. The importance of supernovae in this connection is indicated, and also the facts pointing towards a necessary increase in the metagalactic distance-scale.
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